打造你的管理團隊(一)

 Build Your Management Team
If the time has come to admit you can't do it all, this guide can help you figure out just who you need on your executive team, where to find them and how to hire them.
By Stever Robbins
打造你的管理團隊     如果你已經承認你不能獨自完成所有的工作，本指南可以幫助你清楚知道你的管理團隊需要什么樣的人，你可以在哪里找到他們，并如何聘用他們。
施特弗羅賓斯 著
 In the early days of running your own business, it's natural to try to do as much as possible yourself. It's the most cost-effective, comfortable, sensible way to do things in the beginning. But as your enterprise grows, you'll find yourself stretched thinner and thinner. Eventually, you'll find you just can't continue to oversee operations and sales and accounting and fulfillment and marketing--and hope to continue to grow your business.
 在你經營自己的業務的初期，你試著盡量多的自己去完成工作。在運營的初期這是最具成本效益和自在，合理的方式。但是，當你的企業成長之后，你所能夠獨自處理的事情越來越少。最終，你會發現你不能繼續監督運營、銷售、會計和執行以及市場營銷的所有部門 ，但你仍需要拓展自己的業務
 When you reach this point, it's time to think about bringing other high-level managers on board to help you out. You need to build a senior team that's able to manage all the critical areas of your business to take it to the next level.
 當你發現這一點的時候，是時候去思考讓董事會其它高層管理人員來幫助你。你需要建立一個高級團隊來管理所有的關鍵部門，以使你的事業上升到一個新的水平。
 Building your team demands matching jobs to people's strengths. That means giving people responsibilities according to skill level, not based on how close a friend they are, or how closely related they are to you, or whether you just like their sunny personality. That includes you as well--don't give yourself an impressive title and job unless you're right for the job. The fact is, many smart entrepreneurs hire their own boss when they realize their skills lie elsewhere in the company.
 打造自己的團隊必須要求管理人員的能力和工作要求相符合。這意味著你必須根據他們的技術能力去賦予他們權利，而不是在于他們是否是你的一個親密的朋友或者親近的親戚，抑或者你只是喜歡他們的陽光個性。不要交給一個不能達到要求的員工包括你自己一個重要的職位或者項目，事實上，當他們意識到自己的能力不足的時候，許多明智的企業家會雇傭他人
When it comes time to hire an executive team, you'll need to find people to fill the following roles:
聘請一個管理團隊，你需要找到能夠來填補以下角色的人：
Chief Executive Officer (CEO). The fact of the matter is, the CEO is the boss of everyone and is responsible for everything. They determine the company's strategy. They hire and build the senior team. They make the final call on how resources (read: money) get divvied up, and they're the one whose face appears on the cover of BusinessWeek--whether that's in front of a grand jury on ethics charges or in front of a 3,000-foot yacht, wildly successful, and richer than a Betty Crocker, triple-chocolate fudge cake.
•行政總裁（首席執行官）。事實上，首席執行官是每個人的老板，并負責所有的事情。他們決定公司的戰略。他們聘請和建立了高層團隊。他們最后決定資源如何分配，他們是商業周刊封面上的人物之一，無論是控訴倫理問題的強大的陪審團，還是在3000英尺的面前，他們都是非常成功的，比一貝蒂克羅克，三層巧克力軟糖蛋糕更豐富。
The CEO's skills must include strategic thinking, the ability to rise above the daily details and decide where the industry and business are headed. They must then be able to decide the company's best route for navigating the future market conditions. They have to be able to make good bets.
CEO的技能必須包括戰略思維，克服日常的瑣事，以及決定產業和企業的未來的走向，他們必須能夠對未來的市場做出最好的路線選擇。有能力作出明智的預測。
The CEO's key skill, however, is in hiring and firing. The right management team can cover a CEO's shortcomings. A CEO may be able to set strategy, predict the future and control the budget, but if they don't hire the right team, they have to master it all themselves. So they need to be able to identify and hire the best, fire the ones who don't work out, and run the show in between.
然而CEO的主要能力，是在雇用和解雇。好的管理團隊可以彌補一個CEO的缺點。一位CEO可以決定策略，預測未來，控制預算，但如果他們不聘用合適的團隊，他們就必須掌握所有的事情。因此，他們需要能夠識別并聘請最合適的，解雇不能勝任的，在運營中做好二者。
You know you need a professional CEO when you're mired in the details for way too long and can't pull yourself out. CEOs think about where the organization is going, the people and processes needed to get there, and how they'll work in the current market. If you like details rather than strategy, either shift your thinking or hire a CEO to do the job for you.
當你陷入企業經營細節太久又不能自拔的時候，你需要一個專業的總裁。 CEO們會思考需要一個什么樣的組織，員工和工序的位置，在現在的市場中應該做些什么。如果你喜歡細節多過策略，要么改變你的想法要么雇用一個CEO來為你工作。

Chief Operating Officer (COO). A COO handles a company's complex operational details. Think about UPS moving three billion packages in the two weeks before Christmas: The company's COO insures the business can deliver day after day. He figures out just what needs to be measured so he can tell if things are going well. Then his team creates the systems to track the measurements and takes action when the company isn't delivering.
•首席營運官（首席運營官）。一個首席運營官處理復雜的運作細節。想想UPS需要移動30億個盒子在圣誕節前的2個星期：該公司的首席運營官保證了企業能日復一日的運作。他指出什么需要被衡量使事情能夠進展順利。然后，當公司運作出現問題時，他的團隊創造了跟蹤測量系統，并采取行動。
In a one-location retail business, the store manager is effectively the COO. When you expand to multiple locations or when ensuring smooth operations becomes a big part of your business, it's time to hire someone who revels in measurements, operations and details.
當只有一個零售業務店時，商店經理就是有效的首席運營官。當你的業務擴展到多個地點或為了確保平穩的運營您的企業，請聘請統計，運營和細節處理的專業人員。
President. No one knows just what a president does. I've asked dozens of executives, and everyone's answer is different. Some say a president oversees staff functions--human resources, finance and strategy--while the COO oversees daily operations. Others proclaim that the president is a synonym for COO, especially in smaller companies. Yet sometimes, the president fills gaps left by the COO and CEO. Or sometimes, the title goes to someone you want at the strategy table but who doesn't have an obvious C-level title. In any case, you should think long and hard about whether you need someone to fill this title, or if your company is fully covered with a CEO and COO.
•董事長。沒有人知道董事長要做什么。我問了幾十個管理人員，每個人的回答是不同的。有人說，董事長負責工作人員的職能，人力資源，財務和戰略 ，而首席運營官負責日常運作。其它的則說，董事長是一個首席運營官的代名詞，特別是在規模較小的公司。但有時，董事長處理由首席運營官和首席執行官留下的遺漏。或有時，董事長只是在你的戰略表中但實際某人并不勝任董事長這么有份量的頭銜。無論如何，你應該長期或認真的考慮是否需要有人來填補這個位置，或者你的首席執行官和首席運營官已經能夠勝任全部的工作。
Chief Financial Officer (CFO). Plain and simple, your CFO handles the money. They create budgets and financing strategies. They figure out if it's better for your business to lease or buy. Then they build the control systems that monitor your company's financial health. The CFO is the "bad guy" who won't let you buy that really cool videoconferencing equipment and makes you pay down a commercial loan instead. While you mope about it in your office, the CFO will be busy figuring out which customers, business lines and products are profitable, so next year you can afford the really cool videoconferencing equipment.
•首席財務總監（CFO）。理所當然，你的首席財務官就是處理錢。他們提出預算和融資策略。他們能提出對于企業是采用租用還是購買為更好的方式。他們建立的控制系統監控公司的財務狀況。財務總監是“壞家伙”，他不會讓你購買視像會議設備，而是讓你償還商業貸款。當你在辦公室煩悶的時候，財務總監會忙于幫你計算出哪些客戶，業務線和產品是盈利的，所以明年你就可以買到視頻會議設備。
Believe me, you'll know when you need a CFO. Do you lie awake at night dreaming about numbers? No? Then you need to bring someone on board who does. You want a person whose dream birthday gift is a calculator and a blank book of ledger paper. Money is your business's blood, and in entrepreneurship, cash flow is everything. You don't know the difference between cash flow and profit? Run--don't walk--to the nearest phone and go find yourself a CFO.
 相信我，你會知道什么時候你需要一個財務總監。你是否躺著床上做著關于數字的夢？沒有？那么你必須需要某人來輔助你，你需要一個做夢的生日禮物是一個計算器和一本空白的分類帳本的人。錢是您的企業的血液，而在企業，現金能夠流動就是一切。你不知道的現金流和利潤之間的區別？運行，是否順暢，請撥打離你最近的電話，去尋找你的首席財務總監。
Chief Marketing Officer (CMO). Recently, companies have been bringing in a marketing expert at the C-level rather than as just a vice president. The reason is simple: Many current business battles are battles of marketing, so corporate strategy often hinges on marketing strategy. The CMO owns the marketing strategy--and that often includes the sales strategy--and oversees its implementation. The CMO will know (or learn) your industry inside out and helps you position your product, differentiate it from your competitors' products, enlist distributors, and make sure customers learn to crave your product.
•首席營銷官（CMO）。最近，企業會聘請一個高級營銷專家而不是一個副總裁。原因很簡單：目前，很多商戰是營銷戰，因此，企業戰略，往往取決于市場營銷戰略。首席營銷官決定營銷策略，這通常包括銷售策略，并監督其執行。首席營銷官了解行業并幫助你將產品定位，將你的產品和競爭對手的產品區分，招募分銷商，并確保客戶喜歡你的產品。
If your business's success depends mainly on marketing, you need a CMO. That might be you--but only if you have time to keep up with competitors, oversee the marketing implementation, and still do the rest of your job--and do it well. Otherwise, you need to look for the person with the sunny disposition, Blackberry in hand, keeping up on what's hot and what's not.
如果您的企業的成功主要取決于市場，你需要一個首席營銷官。你要跟上競爭對手的腳步，監督市場的實施，并完成你剩下的工作，而且做得很好。你需要尋找一個性格開朗的人，胸有成竹，知道市場需要什么，不需要什么的首席營銷官。
Chief Technology Officer (CTO). I'm a techie from way back, so I'm pretty opinionated about CTOs: Many of them just don't belong in the C-suite. A CTO should keep up with technology trends, integrate those trends into the company's strategy, and make sure the company keeps current when it's necessary. They should not be buying new toys and leading-edge technology just because it's the latest, greatest thing out there.
You need a CTO if technology impacts your business or industry strategically. (If you're in tech yourself, or your industry relies heavily on technology, that means you.)
Here's a quick test to find out if your CTO can link technology and strategy: Ask your CTO how a company's chosen programming language choice affects strategy. If the answer sounds more sophisticated than "It makes it easier to find programmers," your CTO just might know how to think strategically.
•首席技術主任（首席技術官）。我以前是做技術人員的，所以我對首席技術官的認為是：他們中許多人根本不能稱得上這個頭銜。一個首席技術官應該跟上技術發展趨勢，并將技術融入公司的戰略，并在公司需要的時候跟上腳步，他們購入新玩具、新技術的原因不應該只是因為它們在市場上是最新的、最好的。如果技術影響您的業務或行業戰略你需要一個CTO。（如果你本身注重技術，或者你的行業是重技術行業，那就更需要一個CTO。）這里有一個快速的測試來看看你的首席技術官是否能夠將技術和策略鏈接，問問你的首席技術官怎樣選擇公司的編程語言來影響策略。如果答案聽起來更的比“它使我們更容易找到程序員”復雜，你的首席技術官也許知道如何戰略性的思考。

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