論我國刑法分則中暴力的內涵

法律論文編號:XF016  包括:開題報告,中英文摘要,論文,目錄,文獻綜述,任務書,答辯,中期檢查表,等   論文字數:11140,頁數:18 

目  錄
摘要 ......................................................III
Abstract ..................................................IV
前言 ......................................................1
一、暴力的內容............................................ 1
（一）暴力的分類 ..........................................1
1．最廣義的暴力 ...........................................1
2．廣義的暴力 .............................................2
3．狹義的暴力 .............................................2
4．最狹義的暴力........................................... 2
（二）暴力的對象.......................................... 3
（三）暴力與脅迫的區別.................................... 4
（四）暴力的主觀特征 ......................................5
二、暴力的程度............................................ 6
（一）暴力的下限 ..........................................6
（二）暴力的上限 ..........................................7
三、具體刑法分則里的部分犯罪中關于暴力的認定 ..............7
（一）搶劫罪中的暴力 ......................................7
（二）強迫交易罪中的暴力 ..................................8
（三）暴力危及飛行安全罪中的暴力.......................... 8
（四）暴力劫持航空器罪中的暴力 ............................9
（五）強奸罪中的暴力...................................... 9
四、認定暴力內涵的重要意義................................ 9
（一）暴力是某些犯罪成立的必備條件........................ 9
（二）暴力是某些罪名的結果加重情形之一................... 10
(三)暴力的程度不同構成的犯罪也不同....................... 10
結語 .....................................................11
參考文獻................................................. 12
致  謝 ...................................................13

摘   要
     刑法中的暴力是法定的、針對被害人人身或者財物犯罪時實施的一種有形的能引起物質性后果的作用力，并且這種作用力在客觀上對刑法所保護的社會關系造成了危害。
按照不同的標準，對暴力可以有不同的分類，以暴力的對象作為標準可以分為對人的暴力和對物的暴力；按照暴力的程度，可以將暴力分為最廣義的暴力、廣義的暴力、狹義的暴力、最狹義的暴力；另外還可以根據其他標準來對暴力進行分類，比如暴力的表現形式等等。
關于暴力的對象,刑法中規定，犯罪對象就是犯罪行為所作用的人和物，犯罪客體通過犯罪對象表現出來，人作為犯罪對象是社會關系的參與者，物作為犯罪對象則可以看作社會關系的物質載體，侵犯人身權利的暴力行為也可以通過對物的物理作用來表現出來，因而物也可以作為暴力的對象；暴力在主觀上是故意的，并且表現為出于某種目的，為了排除當事人的反抗而使用各種人身強制方法，它與脅迫最大的區別就在于，脅迫只是恐嚇被害人，是對其進行精神強制，暴力則是對被害人進行人身強制。
由于各種犯罪自身的特殊性質，雖然多數犯罪在條款都規定暴力為構成要件但是對其在程度上的要求卻有很大的差別，對暴力程度的研究也是研究暴力一個核心問題，對暴力程度的研究一般只是對暴力的上限及下限進行研究。對于暴力的下限，不同的犯罪對暴力下線的要求也不同，如：武裝叛亂罪，暴亂罪中，犯罪的成立不需要產生任何有形的危害或對他人的人身強制，這一類暴力不存在下限，一旦作出行為就構成暴力，而強制威脅婦女罪中，只要行為人的行為足以抑制被害人行動自由就構成了暴力；對于暴力的上限，也沒有統一的標準，在實踐中對某些犯罪的暴力上限并沒有要求。在各種具體的犯罪中關于暴力的認定方法也不盡相同。
對犯罪中暴力的認定有很大的意義，首先暴力是某些犯罪成立的必備條件；其次，暴力是某些罪名的結果加重情形之一；再次，暴力的程度不同構成的犯罪也不同。

關鍵詞：暴力特征，暴力對象，暴力分類，暴力程度

Abstract
Violence in the criminal law is statutory, for personal or property crime victims when the implementation of a tangible material consequences can lead to the force, and the objective of this force on the protection of the criminal law against social relations.
According to different standards, the violence can have different classification, the use of violence as the object of the standard can be divided into the violence and of violence in accordance with the level of violence, violence can be divided into the most generalized violence, generalized violence , The narrow sense of violence, the most narrow of violence; can also be based on other criteria to classify the violence, such as the manifestations of violence, and so on.
On the subject of violence, criminal law, crime is targeted by the criminal acts and the role of crime by criminal targets of the object shown, as a criminal who is the object of the participants in social relations, the object of a crime can be seen as social relations The material carriers,be infringedPersonal rightsLee acts of violence can also be passed on the role of the physical demonstrated, as a result of violence can also be the target; violence in the subjective is intentional and, for some performance for the purpose, in order to exclude The parties against the use of physical force and methods, it is the greatest stress the distinction is that stress only the victims of intimidation, its spirit is mandatory, violence is on the victims of physical force.
For a variety of the special nature of their crime, although the majority of crime in terms provide for a violent elements in its extent, but the request has great difference, the study of the level of violence is a core issue on violence, on the level of violence Research on violence in general is only the ceiling and floor for research. For the lower end of violence, different crime of violence off the assembly line have different requirements, such as: the crime of armed rebellion, violence crimes, the crime does not require the establishment of any physical harm to others or physical coercion, this type of violence does not exist Lower limit, once to constitute the act of violence, threats and coercive women in the crime, as long as the perpetrator of the act to inhibit freedom of action constitute the victims of violence; violence for the ceiling, and no uniform standard, in practice for certain crimes Violence does not require the ceiling. In the specific crime of violence found on the methods vary.
In the violence of the crime that has very great significance, first of all violent crime is certain to set up the necessary conditions; Secondly, the violence is the result of some counts one aggravating circumstance; again, the level of violence different components of the crime are also different.

Keywords：Characteristics of violence ，Targets of violence ，Category violence ，The