論我國死刑制度的現狀及完善

法律論文編號:XF017   包括:開題報告,中英文摘要,論文,目錄,文獻綜述,任務書,答辯,中期檢查表,等   論文字數:14555,頁數:17

目   錄
摘   要............................................................ Ⅲ
Abstract ............................................................ Ⅳ
引  言 ............................................................ 1
一、我國死刑制度的內涵及功能 ............................................. 1
（一）死刑的定義............................................................  1
（二）死刑的基本特征 ............................................................ 2
（三）死刑的功能 ............................................................ 2
二、新中國死刑問題的立法.....................................................  3
（一）1949—1979年我國的死刑立法 ........................................... 3
（二）1979年到1997年我國的死刑立法...................................... 4
1、刑法典中的死刑立法............................................................  4
2、單行刑法及司法解釋中的死刑 ................................................ 5
（三）1997年《中華人民共和國刑法》頒布至今的死刑立法 .............................7
三、我國死刑制度的問題完善...........................................................  8
（一）我國死刑立法存在的問題 ..................................................... 8
1、死刑適用的總則性規定還不完善 ......................................8
2、死刑罪名多 ............................................................ 8
3、非暴力犯罪死刑罪名過多 ............................................................ 8
4、在某些犯罪的加重犯規定絕對適用死刑...................................... 8
5、規定適用死刑的情節不合理 ............................................................ 8
（二）對我國死刑制度的完善 ............................................................ 9
1.限制死刑罪名的范圍 ............................................................ 9
2.規范適用死刑的情形............................................................  9
3.完善死刑適用的對象............................................................  10
4. 充實刑罰體系，完善有期徒刑、無期徒刑制度...................................... 10
5.規范死刑立即執行的程序............................................................  11
四、我國死刑問題的司法現狀及完善...................................... 11
（一）摒棄重刑主義，慎重對待死刑 ......................................11
（二）完善死刑緩期執行制度 ......................................12
（三）規范死刑司法解釋 ............................................................ 13
（四）堅持由最高法院行使死刑復核權...................................... 14
結  論 ............................................................ 15
參考文獻 ............................................................ 16
致  謝 ............................................................ 17

摘    要
      死刑是最嚴厲的一種刑罰制度，死刑又稱生命刑，是以剝奪人的生命為內容的一種刑罰制度，其在刑法的刑罰體系中占據著重要地位,一直受到歷代歷朝統治者的青睞。然而，自200多年前，意大利著名法學家貝卡利亞在其代表作《論刑罰與犯罪》一書中，首次明確提出死刑制度相對于人類文明的不合理性，由此引起了近現代法學們激烈的爭論，對于死刑問題，學界存在兩種觀點，保留死刑和廢除死刑，在廢除死刑成為一種潮流和趨勢的時候，我國選擇保留死刑，是我國歷史發展的必然繼承與發展，符合我國基本國情，存置死刑在我國有著濃厚的社會土壤和深厚的人文環境，因此在一個相當長的時間里我國將選擇保留死刑，但一定會嚴格限制死刑的適用。本文擬通過對我國死刑制度的現狀進行介紹和分析,以期對我國的死刑制度形成一個相對全面的認識,進而對現行死刑制度進行一些有益的思考,寄希望于對我國的死刑制度的完善有所裨益。
具體來說，本文第一部分從死刑的定義，死刑的基本特征，死刑的功能三個方面闡述了我國死刑制度的內涵和功能，使讀者對我國的死刑制度有一個清晰的認識。第二部分先綜述我國建國以來的死刑立法特點，進而通過對三個階段和兩個《刑法典》的闡述，使我國有關死刑的立法進程清晰可見。第三部分敘述了我國死刑制度現階段存在的主要問題，通過仔細閱讀刑法學界的研究、看法、觀點，提出了解決這些問題的立法方面。第四部分綜述了我國死刑制度的司法現狀、主要問題、以及針對這些問題的對策和立法、司法、司法解釋的完善。第五部分通過對全文的高度概括，結合國內外死刑制度的實際情況，指出了我國現階段死刑制度存在的必然和必然向前發展的客觀真理。
本文在限制死刑方面，著重從立法上、司法上、程序上、監督上和死刑緩期執行制度等方面進行一系列的限制，從而達到慎用死刑的目的，通過本文的論述，以求對我國的死刑制度形成一個相對全面的認識，進而對現行死刑制度進行一些有益的思考。由于本人學識有限，不足之處，尚請見諒。
關鍵詞： 死刑政策  死刑制度  主要問題  對策及完善 

Abstract
The death penalty is the severest one kind of penalty systems, the death penalty calls the Life sentence, is taking eliminates person's life as the content one kind of penalty system, it occupies emphatically the important place position in the criminal law penalty system, has received all previous dynasties successive dynasties ruler's favor. However, more than 200 years ago, Italian renowned jurist Cesare Bonesana Beccaria, in its representative works "Discuss Penalty And Crime" in a book, proposed explicitly for the first time the death penalty system is opposite in human culture unfairness, from that has caused the near modern legal science intense argument, regarding the death penalty question, the educational world has two viewpoints, the retention death penalty and the other is abolishes the death penalty. In the world death penalty abolishes in the reform hold superiority situation our country to choose the retention death penalty, is our country historical development necessity inherits with develops, tallies with our country fundamental realities of the country, saves sets at the death penalty to have the strong social soil and the deep humanities environment in our country, therefore in quite long time Our country will choose the retention death penalty, but certainly strict limit death penalty's being suitable. This article plans through to carry on the introduction and the analysis to our country death penalty system's present situation, forms a relatively comprehensive understanding by the time to our country's death penalty system, then carries on some beneficial ponders to the present death penalty system, places hopes in has a benefit to our country's death penalty system's consummation.              
Specifically speaking, this article first part from death penalty's definition, death penalty's essential feature, death penalty's function three aspects elaborated our country death penalty system's connotation and the function, enable the reader to have a clear understanding to our country's death penalty system. Since the second part has summarized our country to found a nation the first death penalty legislation characteristic, then through to three stages and two "Penal code" the elaboration, causes our country related death penalty's legislative advancement to be clearly discernible. The third part narrated our country death penalty system present stage existence subject matter, through the careful reading criminal law educational world's research, the view, the viewpoint, proposed solves these question legislative aspect. The fourth part summarized our country death penalty system's judicial present situation, the subject matter, as well as in view of the question countermeasure and legislative, judicial, the judicial interpretation consummation. The fifth part through to the full text high summary, unifies the domestic and foreign death penalty system's actual situation, had pointed out our country present stage death penalty system existence's necessity and develops inevitably forward objective truth.
This article in the limit death penalty aspect, emphatically from the legislation, the judicature, the procedure, the surveillance and aspects and so on system of announcing the death sentence with a two-year reprieve and forced labor carries on a series of limits, thus achieves cautiously with death penalty's goal, through this article elaboration, form a relatively comprehensive understanding in order to our country's death penalty system, then carries on some beneficial ponders to the present death penalty system. Because myself knowledge is limited, the deficiency, still invited the excuse me.
Keywords: Death penalty policy ，Death penalty system ，Subject matter ，
Countermeasure and consummation