我國國家賠償中精神損害賠償問題探析

法律論文編號:FX010   包括:開題報告,中英文摘要,論文,目錄,文獻綜述,任務書,答辯,中期檢查表,等   論文字數:15529,頁數:21    

目  錄

摘  要.............................................................Ⅰ
Abstract...........................................................Ⅱ
前  言.............................................................1
一、我國精神損害賠償制度的實施現狀.................................2
（一）精神損害賠償在我國法律中的體現...............................2
1．《民法通則》中關于精神損害賠償的規定............................2
2．《國家賠償法》中關于精神損害賠償的規定..........................3
（二）我國法學界各學者對我國國家賠償中規定精神損害賠償的觀點.......3
二、精神損害賠償未納入我國國家賠償法的原因.........................6
精神損害賠償未納入我國國家賠償法的歷史原因.........................6
精神損害賠償未納入我國國家賠償法的現實原因.........................6
1．精神損害的無形性決定了國家難以對其侵權行為進行量化..............6
2．精神賠償心理定位的非價值性決定了精神賠償的非可取性..............6
3．國家財力的有限性決定了精神損害賠償的非現實性....................7
三、精神損害賠償納入我國國家賠償范圍的必要性和可行性...............8

（一）精神損害賠償納入我國國家賠償范圍的必要性.....................8
1．體現現代法治精神，符合國際立法趨勢..............................8
2．有利于保護公民的合法權益，體現和諧社會的精神....................8
3．體現法律主體的平等性，有利于我國法律體系的完善..................9
4．有利于監督國家機關工作人員依法辦事，防止其權利濫用..............9
（二）我國精神損害賠償納入國家賠償范圍的可行性.....................10
1．我國具備將精神損害賠償納入國家賠償法的物質基礎..................10
2．我國具備將精神損害賠償納入國家賠償法的社會基礎..................10
3．我國具備將精神損害賠償納入國家賠償法的法律基礎..................10
四、將精神損害賠償納入國家賠償范圍實施方案的探討...................12
（一）國家侵權適用精神損害賠償的歸責原則...........................12
（二）國家侵權適用精神損害賠償的原則...............................13
1．國家主動賠償與受害人求償相結合原則 .............................13
2．撫慰為主、賠償為輔原則..........................................14
3．賠償數額適當限制原則............................................14
4．法官自由裁量權原則..............................................14
（三）國家侵權適用精神損害賠償的范圍...............................15
1．生命健康權......................................................16
2．名譽權、榮譽權、人格尊嚴權......................................16
3．人身自由權......................................................16
4．政治權利和受教育權..............................................16
5．財產權..........................................................17
（四）國家賠償中精神損害賠償的立法模式.............................17
結  論 ............................................................19
參考文獻...........................................................20
致   謝............................................................21

摘    要

國家賠償制度的建立，當說是中國社會的一大進步，它使得那些因為國家侵權行為而受到損害的公民獲得了向國家公權力部門追討的權利，在督促國家機關工作人員依法辦事的同時也有效的保護了公民的合法權益，實現了社會的公平正義。然而近幾年不斷發生的冤案卻將我國《國家賠償法》的弊端暴露出來——國家賠償法并未對精神損害賠償作出相關規定。這使得公民的合法權益得不到全面有效的保護，阻礙了和諧社會的建立。本文試從我國《國家賠償法》中有關賠償范圍的立法缺陷出發，對我國未建立國家侵權精神損害賠償制度的歷史原因和現實原因進行了分析，進而闡述了在國家賠償中確立精神損害賠償的必要性與可行性，并結合我國國情提出了完善國家賠償中的精神損害的幾點構想。

關鍵詞  精神損害賠償  國家賠償  國家侵權

A Study of Compensation for spiritual damages in Chinese State Compensation 
Abstract
Undoubtedly, the establishment of the State Compensation System is one of Chinese largest improvements, which gives right to the citizens to require their compensations from State Right Division which caused by government tort. This system supervises the officers to do everything according to laws as well as protects the citizens’ legal rights, meanwhile, it realizes the justice of the society. However, the continuous wrong cases happened in recently years indicated the disadvantage of the State Compensation–not any related regulations in this law are about the compensation for mental injury. Therefore, the citizen legal rights can’t be protected completely and the establishment of the harmony society is be hindered because of this disadvantage.  Based on the shortage of the State Compensation in its content, this thesis aims to analyze the historic and realistic reasons why our country has not established the system of compensation for mental injury yet. Then the author further formulates the necessary and possibility of establishing the system of compensation for mental injury in this law. What’s more, the author mentions some viewpoints on improving the mental injury compensation system in the current state compensation system according to our national conditions.

Key Words: Compensation for Spiritual Damages, State Compensation,    Government Tort