論偵查階段犯罪嫌疑人的權利保障

法律論文編號:SS013   包括:開題報告,中英文摘要,論文,目錄,文獻綜述,任務書,答辯,中期檢查表,等   論文字數:15185,頁數:22

目   錄
摘   要 ......................................................III
Abstract .....................................................IV
引言 ........................................................1
一、犯罪嫌疑人權利保障的理論基礎及現實意義 ...................2
二、犯罪嫌疑人權利保障存在的主要問題 .........................2
（二）強制措施使用不規范 .....................................3
（三）聘請律師提供法律幫助的權利受到限制 .....................4
（四）自我辯護權不被重視 .....................................5
（五）拒絕回答與案件無關的問題的權利無法落實 .................5
（六）刑訊逼供現象屢禁不止................................... 5
（七）非法搜查和扣押現象普遍 .................................6
三、偵查階段犯罪嫌疑人權利得不到保障的原因................... 6
（一）立法上的失衡與缺位..................................... 6
1.犯罪嫌疑人不享有沉默權..................................... 6
2.沒有確立非法證據排除規則 ...................................6
3.沒有規定偵查人員的告知義務 .................................7
4.律師的會見權和辯護權受到很多限制 ...........................7
5.國內法與國際法存在差異 .....................................7
（二）制度設計不足........................................... 7
1.預防侵權程序上的不足 .......................................7
2.偵查監督制度上的缺陷 .......................................8
（三）傳統法制觀念的影響..................................... 8
（四）案件數量的快速增長與偵查人員執法水平落后之間的矛盾..... 9
四、完善偵查階段犯罪嫌疑人權利保障的幾點建議 .................9
（一）完善刑事訴訟立法 .......................................9
1.關于知情權................................................. 9
2.關于辯護權 .................................................10
3．關于沉默權................................................ 12
（二）確立司法審查制度 .......................................13
（三）強化人權保障意識 .......................................15
結語 ........................................................16
參考文獻 .....................................................17
致謝 ........................................................18

摘   要
     保障犯罪嫌疑人的合法權利有利于更好地貫徹人權理念，規范偵查機關的執法行為，以改善我國的國際形象。目前犯罪嫌疑人在偵查階段的權利保障方面還存在一些問題，比如不能及時獲知自己的合法權利、聘請律師提供法律幫助的權利受到限制、自我辯護權不被重視、拒絕回答與案件無關的問題的權利無法落實；還有偵查機關采取強制措施不規范、刑訊逼供現象屢禁不止和非法搜查、扣押現象普遍。造成這些問題的原因有立法方面的缺陷，如犯罪嫌疑人不享有沉默權、沒有確立非法證據排除規則、沒有規定偵查人員的告知義務和律師的會見權、辯護權受到很多限制；還有制度設計上的不足，如預防侵權程序和偵查監督制度都存在缺陷；還有重實體、輕程序等傳統法制觀念的影響。完善偵查階段犯罪嫌疑人的權利保障，首先要從立法上確立犯罪嫌疑人的知情權、辯護權和沉默權，實現國內法與國際法的接軌；還要在刑事訴訟中確立司法審查制度。
關鍵詞：犯罪嫌疑人     偵查程序     權利保障

Abstract
Protecting criminal’s legitimate right helps to implement the concept of human rights, and standardize the law enforcement on investigation authorities, and it also helps to improve China's international image. At present there are still some problems on the rights protection of suspects in the investigation stage, such as the suspects are not timely informed of their legitimate rights, their rights of hiring a lawyer to provide legal help are limited and the rights to self-defence are disconsidered, also the rights to refuse to answer questions unrelated to the case cannot be implemented. Besides, the coercive measures taken by investigation authorities are not standardized, also the phenomenon of torture, illegal search and seizure is widespread. These problems have been due to many reasons. Legislative has shortcomings, such as criminal suspects do not enjoy the Right to Remain Silent, evidence of illegal exclusionary rule is not established, investigators’ obligation to inform are not   ordained, right to counsel for the meeting and to a defence subject are restricted . There also have shortcomings in the system design, Such as the prevention of infringement procedures and surveillance system have flaws, and effected by other traditional legal concept as regarding entities, disregarding procedures. Improve the investigation stage criminal suspects the right to protection, first of all It should establishes the suspect's right to know, to defence and to Remain Silent in the legislative and domestic and international laws should be putted through. Otherwise system of judicial review will be established.
Key words:  criminal suspect；the procedure of investigation；right guarantee