《哈姆雷特》戲劇中的悲劇因素

英語論文編號:YY014   字數:5842,頁數:19

Contents

Abstract.......................................................................I
Key Words......................................................................I
摘要...........................................................................II
關鍵詞.........................................................................II
Introduction...................................................................1
I. The General Introduction of the Story.......................................2
II. Three Simultaneous Plots of Revenge .......................................2
   A. Laertes’s Simple Idea to Revenge........................................3
   B. Fortinblas’s Abandonment to Revenge.....................................4
   C. Hamlet’s Hesitation to Revenge..........................................4
III. The Tragedy of Characters.................................................5
   A. The Tragedy of Hamlet....................................................5
      1. Three Stages of Hamlet’s Tragedy.....................................5
      2. Hamlet’s Death.......................................................6
   B. The Tragedy of Claudius..................................................6
   C. The Tragedy of Ophelia...................................................9
IV. The Failure of Humanism....................................................9
   A. The conflict between Humanism and Reality................................9
   B. The Failure of Hamlet’s Task............................................11
Conclusion.....................................................................12
Acknowledgements...............................................................13
Bibliography...................................................................14

Abstract

         As one of Shakespeare’s the four famous tragedies, Hamlet is the most remarkable one. It is also the sign of the maturation in the art of Shakespeare’s play. With abundant connotation of the time, vivid characters, complicated conflict and varied story, Hamlet gives people deep impression and moves them to appreciate it. This article aims to analyze the tragedy aspects in Hamlet from all the aspects of plot, character, conflict, and so on, according to which it reveals more information about England in the period of Renaissance. Based on the complicated plots, Hamlet reveals the confusion of England in 16th. In this play, there are many characters. With different character, each one reflects different feature of different stage and their social status, and also their value of life, which decide their final sufferance. The struggle between Hamlet and Claudius is about the conflict between the newly emerged capital humanists and the feudal evil force, which reflects the humanists’ hardship for their dreams to come true. As the essence of Renaissance, humanism is a newly emerged thought at that time, but unfortunately, it failed. On behalf of humanists, Hamlet confirms human’s value and dignity, and also the wisdom and power, but in front of the evil reality, all his dreams are destroyed completely. He just gets the spiritual victory with the cost of his life. As the mitigation of the time, Hamlet shows that it is destined to fail for humanists.

Key Words

Tragedy of Characters; conflict; humanism; tragedy of plots; fighting for throne

摘　 要

    《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亞戲劇創作中最杰出的代表作，著名的四大悲劇之一，又是莎士比亞戲劇藝術成熟的標志。該劇以豐富的時代內涵、生動的人物形象、復雜的矛盾沖突以及曲折多變的故事情節，給人們留下深刻的印象，吸引著他們對其不斷的進行解讀。本篇文章旨在從情節、人物、矛盾沖突等多方面分析《哈姆雷特》戲劇中的悲劇色彩。透過復雜的故事情節，該劇展示了十六世紀英國的動蕩與混亂。該劇中任務眾多，不同的任務有不同的性格，也反映了當時不同層次、身份的任務的特征以及他們的人生觀。從而決定了他們最終的歸宿。劇中哈姆雷特與克勞狄斯的斗爭是新興資產階級人文主義者與日趨反動的封建王權代表任務之間的斗爭，反映了文藝復興時期先進人物為實現美好理想向社會惡勢力所進行的斗爭。作為文藝復興的核心，人文主義在當時是一種新興思潮，但卻遭到失敗。作為人文主義者的典型代表，哈姆雷特對人類抱有美好的看法。他相信人類的智慧、高雅和力量。然而，面對罪惡的現實，他所有的人文主義理想都被徹底破滅。因而只能以生命的代價換來精神上的勝利。作為時代的縮影，《哈姆雷特》揭示了人文主義理想破滅的必然性。

關鍵詞

人物悲情；矛盾沖突；人文主義；情節悲劇；王權斗爭