三、標(biāo)題 居中。如果有副標(biāo)題,用冒號把英文主、副標(biāo)題隔開,例如:
Children’s Punctuation: An Analysis of Errors in Period Placement
中文副標(biāo)題須在主標(biāo)題后另起一行,前面加破折號, 例如:
兒童標(biāo)點符號使用研究
——句號誤用分析
四、英文摘要與關(guān)鍵詞 英文摘要以Abstract為標(biāo)題,標(biāo)題左頂格,字體為Times New Roman 小四號,黑正體,與摘要內(nèi)容部分以冒號隔開。摘要內(nèi)容部分長度為150詞以內(nèi),字體為Times New Roman 小四號正體,從第二行開始到結(jié)束均為左頂格。關(guān)鍵詞部分另起一行,以Key words為標(biāo)題,關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)題左頂格,字體為Times New Roman 小四號,黑正體,與所列關(guān)鍵詞以冒號隔開,關(guān)鍵詞以2至4個為宜,字體為Times New Roman 小四號正體,除少數(shù)專有名詞外一律小寫,關(guān)鍵詞之間以分號隔開。
六、英文提綱 英文提綱部分以所寫論文英文題目為標(biāo)題,標(biāo)題字體為Times New Roman三號黑正體,居中。提綱內(nèi)容字體為Times New Roman小四號正體,主要綱目左對齊,以大寫羅馬數(shù)字標(biāo)出序號(或以阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字標(biāo)出序號),次要綱目則依次以大寫英文字母、阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字和小寫英文字母標(biāo)出序號(或均以阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字標(biāo)出序號,如以1.1, 1.2, 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ……的形式標(biāo)出),各數(shù)字或字母后均為一句點,空出一格后再打該項內(nèi)容的第一個字母。處于同一等級的綱目,其上下行左邊必須對齊。同等重要的綱目必須是兩個以上,即有Ⅰ就應(yīng)有Ⅱ,有A就應(yīng)有B,依次類推。提綱綱目或全部以詞組形式寫,或全部以句子形式寫,不可詞組與句子混用。具體樣式參見《MLA科研論文寫作規(guī)范》38頁至40頁,注意觀察次要綱目如何依次向右適當(dāng)縮進(jìn)。
八、小標(biāo)題 正文部分章節(jié)標(biāo)題或小標(biāo)題單獨占一行,一級小標(biāo)題(以羅馬數(shù)字為序)字體為Times New Roman 小四號黑正體,其余小標(biāo)題為Times New Roman 小四號正體,所有小標(biāo)題均左對齊。正文部分的所有章節(jié)標(biāo)題及其序號必須與提綱中的章節(jié)標(biāo)題及其序號相一致。
九、例句 例句在兩例以上時,擬按順序用(1)(2)(3)等對所有的例句統(tǒng)一編號。每例另起一行, 空5個英文字母,回行時與上文例句對齊。
十、注釋 分腳注、尾注和夾注三種。
1.腳注
對標(biāo)題的注釋或?qū)θ恼碌恼f明以腳注的形式處理,注號用﹡而不用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字,列在當(dāng)頁正文下。字體采用默認(rèn)值。
2.尾注
正文內(nèi)容如有需作出特別說明或解釋之處以尾注的形式處理,即在正文需要注釋之處的右上方按順序加注數(shù)碼1、2、3、…,在正文之后,文獻(xiàn)目錄之前另起一頁用Times New Roman小四號黑正體居中標(biāo)明“Notes”,不同注釋條目之間要空一行,注釋條目根據(jù)相關(guān)內(nèi)容在正文中出現(xiàn)的順序用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字1.、2.、3.等編號。
3.夾注
對論文中的直接引用或間接引用部分所依據(jù)的文獻(xiàn)以夾注的形式標(biāo)出。夾注可以采用以下幾種形式:
作者姓氏未在引文中出現(xiàn)
Medieva l Europe was a place both of “raids, pillages, slavery, and extortion” and of “traveling merchants, monetary exchange, towns if not cities, and active markets in gain” (Townsend and Waugh 10-16).
Others hold the opposite point of view (e.g., Jakobson 9;Waugh 34)
Modern Literary studies have their origin in classic studies (Graff et al. 19-35).
Modern Literary studies have their origin in classic studies (Clinchy, Graff, Goldberger, and Tarule 15-20).
(作者有三個以上,則在第一位作者的姓氏后寫上et al.以示其余姓氏的省略,或列上全部姓氏,夾注中的形式應(yīng)與參考文獻(xiàn)中的形式保持一致)
作者姓氏在引文中出現(xiàn)
Graff defines his recent book, Professing Literature, as “a history of academic literary studies in the United States” (10).
如在引文中提及整個文獻(xiàn)及作者姓氏(不必夾注,但參考文獻(xiàn)中要注明相關(guān)出版信息)
Slade’s revision of Form and Style incorporates changes made in the 1995 edition of the MLA Handbook.
集體作者如果組織名稱太長,第一次提及時可采用全稱后加注縮略,
The annual report revealed substantial progress in fundraising (American Museum of Natural History 12, hereafter AMNH).
以后直接用縮略形式做夾注
The report surveys the major problems in fundraising (AMNH 15).
引用多卷本中的一卷
Between the years 1945 and 1972, the political party system in the United States underwent profound changes (Schlesinger, vol. 4).
Schlesinger pointed out the profound changes the political party system in the United States underwent between 1945 and 1972 (4: 98-104).
引用同一作者的兩篇以上的文獻(xiàn), 可以分別以文獻(xiàn)名的縮略形式注釋
Shaughnessy points out that “the beginning writer does not know how writers behave” (Errors 79).
Teachers applauded Shaughnessy’s assertion that “teaching them [beginning writers] to write well is not only suitable but challenging work for those who would be teachers and scholars in a democracy” (“Diving In” 68).
一個夾注中涉及一篇以上文獻(xiàn)
(Lauter 34; Crane 98)
轉(zhuǎn)引
Samuel Johnson admitted that Edmund Burke was an “extraordinary man” (qtd. in Boswell 2: 450)
引文來自于中文作者
(朱賢智 and 林崇德89)
如果引文較長,超過4行,擬另起一行,不加引號,左邊縮進(jìn)10個英文字母, 夾注緊隨引文末尾:
At the conclusion of Lord of the Flies, Ralph and the other boys realize the horror of their actions:
The tears began to flow and sobs shook him. He gave himself up to them now for the first time on the island; great, shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to wrench his whole body. His voice rose under the black smoke before the burning wreckage of the island; and infected by that emotion, the other little boys began to shake and sob too. (186)