孕期婦女營養和適宜體重增長的研究

論文編號:HL163  論文字數:11765.頁數:26

論文題目：孕期婦女營養和適宜體重增長的研究
摘　要             
 目的：調查了解西安市孕期婦女膳食食物消費量和營養素攝入情況，搜集孕期婦女體重增長數據，以便提供合理的膳食建議，研究西安市孕期婦女體重增長的適宜值，指導孕期保健。
 方法：于2010年4月-2010年8月收集了西安市242 名孕婦進行了一項縱向研究，用以觀察她們孕期膳食食物消費量、營養素攝入量；孕期體重變化和最終的妊娠結局。研究中用24 小時膳食回顧法調查了不同孕期婦女的膳食情況，測量了孕婦的孕前體重和孕期體重，記錄其妊娠結局情況，以調查問卷形式獲得她們的社會經濟方面的資料。分析了食物消費量、營養素攝入量；孕期增重；不同年齡、孕前不同BMI 、新生兒出生體重不同孕婦的孕期體重增加狀況。
 結果：① 孕早期和孕中期婦女能量攝入量均未達到推薦攝入量〔 RNI ) , 孕早期能量攝入量1652kcal ，為RNI 的78.7% ，中期1914kcal ，為RNI 的83.2 % ，晚期2365 kcal ，為RNI 的102.8 ％。孕早期蛋白質攝入量達到RNI 的80.2 % ，中期為83.2 % ，晚期為96.8％。各期維生素A 的攝入量分別達到RNI 的75.7 % , 78 .4％, 82.4 % ; 維生素Bl 達到RNI 的49.3 % , 54.67 % , 70.7 % ；維生素B2達到RNI 的43.5 % , 55.9％, 68.8 %；維生素C 的攝入量均不同程度地超過了RNI 。早、中、晚孕期鈣的攝入量僅達到適宜攝入量（AI）的56％, 58.6 % , 54.2 % ；鐵的攝入量分別為Al 的122.2%，107.6%，63.9％。② 本研究中孕婦的年齡為28.1士3.9歲，孕前體重為58.14士8.91kg，孕前BMI為22.56士3.06kg/m²，孕期末體重增加15.94士4.67kg，新生兒出生體重在2500-4000g的孕婦孕期體重增加值為15.80士4.67kg 。孕前BMI 過低、正常和超重者增重高于肥胖者；新生兒出生體重正常的孕婦，孕前BM 工過低、正常和超重者孕期增重均高于肥胖者。
 結論：西安市孕期婦女膳食種類多樣，但營養素攝入水平不均衡，建議加強孕婦健康教育，增加動物性食品、奶及奶制品的攝入。同時本次調查孕婦孕期體重增加值高于推薦值12.5kg 。孕婦在孕28 周后應加強監測體重的增加情況。
 關 鍵 詞：孕婦；膳食；營養；妊娠期；體重增長
 
 論文類型：調研報告
 
 Title: The research for nutrition and appropriate weight gain of pregnant women
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Investigate and understand the diet of pregnant women in Xi'an food consumption and nutrient intake, weight gain in pregnant women to collect data in order to provide reasonable dietary advice, weight gain of pregnant women in Xi'an appropriate to advise health care during pregnancy.
Methods: 2010 In April 2010 in Xi'an in August to collect the 242 pregnant women conducted a longitudinal study to observe their food consumption during pregnancy diet, nutrient intake; pregnancy weight change and the final pregnancy outcome. Study using 24-hour dietary recall method investigated the situation of different diets of pregnant women, pregnant women were measured pre-pregnancy weight and pregnancy weight, pregnancy outcome was recorded cases, the form of a questionnaire to obtain their socio-economic information. Analysis of food consumption, nutrient intake; pregnancy weight gain; different ages, different pre-pregnancy BMI, birth weight in pregnant women during pregnancy weight gain in different conditions.
Results: ① second trimester pregnant women in early and did not meet the recommended intake of energy intake (RNI), energy intake during early pregnancy 1652kcal, the RNI of 78.7%, medium 1914kcal, the RNI of 83.2%, late 2365 kcal, for the RNI 102.8%. Protein intake in early pregnancy to 80.2% RNI-, medium-83.2%, 96.8% late. The intake of vitamin A, 75.7% of RNI, respectively, 78.4%, 82.4%; vitamin Bl to RNI of 49.3%, 54.67%, 70.7%; RNI of vitamin B2 to 43.5%, 55.9%, 68.8% ; vitamin C intake volume to varying degrees over the RNI. Early, middle and late calcium intake during pregnancy to achieve adequate intake only (AI) 56%, 58.6%, 54.2%; iron intake of Al, 122.2%, respectively, 107.6%, 63.9%. ② age of pregnant women in this study was 28.1 ± 3.9 years old, pre-pregnancy weight was 58.14 ± 8.91kg, pre-pregnancy BMI was 22.56 ± 3.06kg / m², the end of weight gain during pregnancy 15.94 ± 4.67kg, neonatal birth weight in pregnant women in 2500-4000g weight gain during pregnancy is 15.80 ± 4.67kg. Low pre-pregnancy BMI, weight gain in normal and overweight than obese; pregnant women of normal birth weight, pre-pregnancy BM workers is too low, normal and overweight weight gain during pregnancy were higher than obese.  
Conclusion: Xi'an pregnant women dietary variety and nutrient intake level but uneven, proposed to strengthen the health education of pregnant women, increased animal food, milk and dairy intake. The survey also weight gain during pregnancy is higher than the recommended value 12.5kg. Pregnant women after 28 weeks pregnant weight gain should be strengthened to monitor the situation.
KEY WORDS: pregnant women;food;nutrient;pregnancy;weight gain
TYPE OF THESIS: Research Report

目  錄
摘　要 I
ABSTRACT III
目  錄 V
1 緒論 3
1.1 背景及意義 3
1.2 研究目的及目標 3
1.3 關鍵詞及定義 3
1.4 文獻回顧 4
2 研究設計 5
2.1研究對象 5
2.2 一般資料 5
2.3 研究工具 5
2.4 研究方法 5
2.5 研究步驟 7
3 研究結果 9
3.1孕婦的一般情況 9
3.2孕婦的食物攝入量和營養素攝入量 10
3.3孕婦孕期的體重增長情況 14
3.4新生兒情況 14
3.5孕婦產后情況 14
3.6孕婦營養素攝入和孕期末增重的關系 15
4 討論 17
4.1孕婦孕期膳食攝入 17
4.2孕婦孕期營養素攝入 17
4.3孕婦孕期增重 19
5 推論及建議 21
致    謝 23
參考文獻 25
附    錄 27