腫瘤病人的護(hù)理

論文編號(hào):HL012  論文字?jǐn)?shù):8118.頁(yè)數(shù):18

論文題目：腫瘤病人的護(hù)理
摘  要
 我國(guó)衛(wèi)生部最新發(fā)布的中國(guó)城市人口主要疾病死亡原因排在首位的是惡性腫瘤,據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)資料統(tǒng)計(jì),目前我國(guó)每年新發(fā)癌癥病例160～200萬(wàn),年死亡人數(shù)約為140萬(wàn)[1]。惡性腫瘤是常見(jiàn)病、多發(fā)病,它危害著人類的健康。其護(hù)理涉及到個(gè)人、家庭、社會(huì)等多方面的問(wèn)題。在我國(guó)對(duì)惡性腫瘤的專科護(hù)理處于萌芽階段,臨終關(guān)懷也剛起步。因此,面對(duì)腫瘤患者的護(hù)理任務(wù)復(fù)雜而艱巨。要從根本上解決這一問(wèn)題,就要求護(hù)理人員必須從實(shí)際出發(fā),深入思考和研究。
目的: 探討惡性腫瘤病人的護(hù)理方法,提高病人對(duì)惡性腫瘤及其治療的認(rèn)識(shí)與應(yīng)對(duì)能力。
方法: 對(duì)患者進(jìn)行綜合護(hù)理,重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)心理護(hù)理,在治療中發(fā)揮較大的作用,使大多數(shù)患者積極配合治療,并且取得了滿意效果。
結(jié)果:  64例病人均能面對(duì)并接受化療, 恐懼心理減輕24例,消除35例;焦慮心理減輕19例,消除37例;絕望心理減輕13例,消除31例。
結(jié)論:  通過(guò)將人性化護(hù)理應(yīng)用于腫瘤病人住院全過(guò)程,增進(jìn)了人際間的心靈溝通,密切了護(hù)患關(guān)系,體現(xiàn)了人的尊嚴(yán),生命的珍貴,社會(huì)的愛(ài)護(hù),從而提高了患者的生活質(zhì)量,提高了患者對(duì)醫(yī)院的信任度和滿意率。
 
關(guān)鍵詞: 惡性腫瘤、癌癥、護(hù)理、康復(fù)

論文類型：實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告

Title: Tumor patient care
 

Summary
 Malignant tumors are common disease, frequently-occurring disease, which are endangering human health. Its care involves personal, family, the society and so on various issues. In China the specialized nursing for malignant tumor, burgeoning hospice care is just starting out. Therefore, in the face of cancer care tasks complex and difficult. To basically solve this problem, requires nursing staff must from set out actually, deep thinking and research.
 
Objective: to explore the nursing methods of malignant tumor patient, improve patient treatment of malignant tumor and understanding and coping ability.

Methods: the patients with 80 cases of chemotherapy before chemotherapy in venipuncture psychological nursing, before, during and after the calendar accordingly Care, in patients after chemotherapy appears to appropriate chemotherapy side-effect of nursing, completes the diet and live Dynamic guidance, promote the patient's recovery.

Results: 64 patients all can face and chemotherapy, fears reduce and eliminate 35 cases 24 cases; Psychological anxiety reduce 19, eliminate 37 cases; Despair 13 cases, eliminating psychological reduce 31 cases.

Conclusions: Through humanized nursing applied to the whole tumor patient hospitalization, increase the telepathic communication, interpersonal relationship, closely with protection of human dignity, embodies the precious life, social care, so as to improve the patient's quality of life, improve the patient to the hospital trust and satisfaction.

Keywords: Malignant tumor, Nursing, Rehabilitation,

Paper types: Practice report

目  錄
前  言……………………………………………………………………………………… 1
1．腫瘤的癥狀與特性………………………………………………………………………2
2　臨床資料…………………………………………………………………………………2
 2.1　一般資料 …………………………………………………………………………2　
 2.2　治療方法 …………………………………………………………………………2　
3　護(hù)理 …………………………………………………………………………………… 3
 3.1　化療前護(hù)理  …………………………………………………………………… 3
 3.1.1　心理護(hù)理  ………………………………………………………………… 3
 3.1.1.1　建立良好的護(hù)患關(guān)系 ……………………………………………… 3
 3.1.1.2　指導(dǎo)病人正確認(rèn)識(shí)化療 …………………………………………… 3
 3.1.2　健康教育 ………………………………………………………………… 3
 3.1.2.1　化療藥物的不良反應(yīng) ……………………………………………… 3
 3.1.2.2　化療的注意事項(xiàng)及配合方法 ……………………………………… 4
 3.1.3　提供社會(huì)支持系統(tǒng) ……………………………………………………… 4
 3.2　化療中護(hù)理  …………………………………………………………………… 4
 3.2.1　環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備 ………………………………………………………………… 4
 3.2.2　預(yù)防靜脈炎  ………………………………………………………………4
 3.2.2.1　靜脈穿刺前 ………………………………………………………… 4
 3.2.2.2　靜脈穿刺中 ………………………………………………………… 5
 3.2.2.3　靜脈穿刺后 ………………………………………………………… 5
 3.2.3　靜脈炎的處理  …………………………………………………………… 5
 3.2.4　藥液外滲處理  …………………………………………………………… 6
 3.3　化療后護(hù)理  …………………………………………………………………… 6
 3.3.1　沖管及按壓  ……………………………………………………………… 6
 3.3.2　毒副反應(yīng)護(hù)理  …………………………………………………………… 6
 3.3.2.1　骨髓抑制  ………………………………………………………… 6
 3.3.2.2　胃腸道反應(yīng)  ……………………………………………………… 6
 3.3.2.3　脫發(fā)  ……………………………………………………………… 7
4．腫瘤病人手術(shù)后的觀察與護(hù)理 ……………………………………………………… 7
 4.1 手術(shù)后的觀察 …………………………………………………………………… 7
 4.2 手術(shù)后的護(hù)理 …………………………………………………………………… 8
 4.2.1變換臥位  …………………………………………………………………… 8
 4.2.2預(yù)防褥瘡  …………………………………………………………………… 8
 4.2.3飲食護(hù)理  …………………………………………………………………… 8
5　小結(jié)  ………………………………………………………………………………… 9
致  謝 …………………………………………………………………………………… 10
參考文獻(xiàn) ………………………………………………………………………………… 11