繁忙管理者的個人時間安排(一)

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繁忙管理者的個人時間安排
作者Gerard M.Blair
The "Eff" Words
The three "Eff" words are (concise Oxford English Dictionary:
Effective – having a definite or desired effect
Efficient – productive with minimum waste or effort
Effortless – seemingly without effort; natural, easy
“EFF”用詞
這三個”EFF”詞是(簡明的牛津英語詞典：
有效的——有一個明確的或是渴望的結果
有效的——用最少的浪費或氣力創(chuàng)造最多的收益
輕松的——看似無需努力；自然，簡單
Personal Time Management is about winning the "Eff" words: making them apply to you and your daily routines.
個人時間管理是關于贏得“EFF”的保證：把它們運用到你和你的日常事務中。
What Is Personal Time Management?
什么是日常時間管理？
Personal Time Management is about controlling the use of your most valuable (and undervalued) resource. Consider these two questions: What would happen if you spent company money with as few safeguards as you spend company time? When was the last time you scheduled a review of your time allocation?
個人時間管理是關于控制使用你最寶貴的（被低估的）資源。考慮這里面的兩個問題：如果你花公司的錢花公司的時間在沒有保障的事上將會發(fā)生什么？，檢查你的時間分配何時是你預定的最后期限？
The absence of Personal Time Management is characterized by last-minute rushes to meet deadlines, meetings which are either double booked or achieve nothing, days which seem somehow to slip unproductively by, crises which loom unexpected from nowhere. This sort of environment leads to inordinate stress and degradation of performance: it must be stopped.
缺少個人時間管理描述的是在最后期限倉促完成，會議將不會獲得加倍預定或收獲的雙重效果。時間就會在沒有收益的情況下溜走。隱約地出現(xiàn)意想不到的危機。這類環(huán)境導致過度緊張和執(zhí)行力下降：它必須停止。
Poor time management is often a symptom of overconfidence: techniques which used to work with small projects and workloads are simply reused with large ones. But inefficiencies which were insignificant in the small role are ludicrous in the large. You cannot drive a motor bike like a bicycle, nor can you manage a supermarket chain like a market stall. The demands, the problems and the payoffs for increased efficiency are all larger as your responsibility grows; you must learn to apply proper techniques or be bettered by those who do. Possibly, the reason Time Management is poorly practiced is that it so seldom forms a measured part of appraisal and performance review; what many fail to foresee, however, is how intimately it is connected to aspects which do.
差的時間管理經(jīng)常是過分自信的癥狀：曾經(jīng)與小項目一起使用的技術和工作量被簡單的重復使用在那些大項目上。使得這些沒有效率的小技能荒唐的使有在重大事件上。您不可能駕駛一輛摩托車像騎自行車一樣，亦不能管理一間連鎖超市像管理市場攤位一樣。當你的責任增加了之后，這些需求，問題和結果都會全部增大，你必須學會去使用一些適當?shù)募夹g或了解那些人能做得更好。可能，時間安排不善的原因是很少去評估和去很好的執(zhí)行檢查; 有很多都是未能被預知的，然而，它是非常密切的與外在的方面相互聯(lián)系。
Personal Time Management has many facets. Most managers recognize a few, but few recognize them all. There is the simple concept of keeping a well-ordered diary and the related idea of planned activity. But beyond these, it is a tool for the systematic ordering of your influence on events; it underpins many other managerial skills such as Effective Delegation and Project Planning.Personal Time Management is a set of tools which allow you to:
eliminate wastage
be prepared for meetings
refuse excessive workloads
monitor project progress
allocate resource (time) appropriate to a task's importance
ensure that long-term projects are not neglected
plan each day efficiently
plan each week effectively and to do so simply with a little self-discipline.

個人時間管理要面對許多方面。多數(shù)的管理者都意識到一些，但未意識到全部。一份秩序井然的日志和積極的計劃相關的想法是保持好它的一個簡單的概念。但是在這些之外，它是一種為系統(tǒng)分類的會對事件有影響的一個工具; 它會加固許多其它管理技能，例如有效的團隊和項目計劃。
個人時間管理是一套工具允許你：
除去一些浪費
為會議做準備
拒絕一些多余的工作量
檢測項目的進展
合理的分配資源(時間)到一些重要的任務上
確保長期項目不被忽略
有效的計劃每一天
有效地計劃每個星期和去做一些簡單的自我訓練。
Since Personal Time Management is a management process just like any other, it must be planned, monitored and regularly reviewed. In the following sections, we will examine the basic methods and functions of Personal Time Management. Since true understanding depends upon experience, you will be asked to take part by looking at aspects of your own work. If you do not have time to this right now, ask yourself, why not?
因為個人時間的管理是一個管理過程象其它任何管理一樣，必須是有計劃﹑監(jiān)測和有規(guī)律的檢討。在以下部分，我們將審查個人時間管理的基本的方法和作用。因為真實的理解取決于經(jīng)驗，你將通過你自己的工作去尋找。如果你現(xiàn)在沒有時間立刻去做這件事情，問你自己，為什么沒有？
Current Practise
通用的練習 What this article is advocating is the adoption of certain practices which will give you greater control over the use and allocation of your primary resource: time. Before we start on the future, it is worth considering the present. This involves the simplistic task of keeping a note of how you spend your time for a suitably long period of time (say a week). I say simplistic since all you have to do is create a simple table, photocopy half-a-dozen copies and carry it around with you filling in a row every time you change activity. After one week, allocate time (start as you mean to go on) to reviewing this log.
這篇文章提倡什么采用哪些可行的練習都將是給你對你的主要資源的使用和分派的更加巨大的控制：時間。在未來我們開始之前，它是值得考慮的。這些簡單的任務需要持續(xù)記錄你怎樣花費你的時間對于較長的一段時期（比方說一個星期)。我說的簡單是從你必須創(chuàng)建一個簡單表，影印拷貝和運用它填你所改變過的活動。在一個星期以后，分配時間(，意味你開始進行)去檢閱這本日志。
Waste Disposal
廢物處理 We are not looking here to create new categories of work to enhance efficiency (that comes later) but simply to eliminate wastage in your current practice. The average IEE Chartered Engineer earns about £27,000 per annum: about £12.50 per hour, say £1 every 5 minutes; for how many 5 minute sections of your activity would you have paid a pound? The first step is a critical appraisal of how you spend your time and to question some of your habits. In your time log, identify periods of time which might have been better used.
我們沒有從這去尋找一種創(chuàng)新的提高工作效率的類別（它來的很遲) 是可以很方便的消除一些浪費從你的當前實踐練習中。IEE為被特許的工程師每年贏得約£27,000 ：據(jù)說每小時£12.50，每5分鐘£1; 對于你的活動的5個周詳部分你會支付多少磅？第一步是一個評價你怎樣花費你的時間去處理問題用一些習慣的方式。在你的時間日志，認識時間周期也許會做的更好。
There are various sources of waste. The most common are social: telephone calls, friends dropping by, conversations around the coffee machine. It would be foolish to eliminate all non-work related activity (we all need a break) but if it's a choice between chatting to Harry in the afternoon and meeting the next pay-related deadline... Your time log will show you if this is a problem and you might like to do something about it before your boss does.
有各種各樣不同來源的浪廢。最大的共同點是社交上的：電話﹑走訪﹑在咖啡機旁交談。它將會愚蠢的消滅所有非工作相關的活動(我們需要打破這種方式)，但是，假如選擇下午和哈里聊天或是在與下個與薪水相關的最后期限的會議的一個選擇… 你的時間日志將顯示你如果這是個問題，和你也許喜歡做的某事，在您的上司之前。
In your time log, look at each work activity and decide objectively how much time each was worth to you, and compare that with the time you actually spent on it. An afternoon spent polishing an internal memo into a Pulitzer prize-winning piece of provocative prose is waste; an hour spent debating the leaving present of a colleague is waste; a minute spent sorting out the paper-clips is waste (unless relaxation). These types of activities will be reduced naturally by managing your own time since you will not allocate time to the trivial. Specifically, if you have a task to do, decide beforehand how long it should take and work to that deadline – then move on to the next task.
在你的時間日志，看每項活動并且客觀地決定每一項活動值得你花多少時間，并且與你實際上花費的時間對比。一個下午花在修改內部備忘錄的時間用在Pulitzer獲獎的刺激性的散文上是浪費; 1小時花在辯論送給離職同事的禮物上度過是浪廢; 一分鐘花在整理紙夾上度過是浪費(除非是為了放松)。這些活動類型將會在管理你自己的時間被自然地減少，因為你不會分配時間到這種瑣事上。特別地，如果你有一項任務去做，預先決定它應該花多久和做這項工作的最后期限–然后繼續(xù)去做下一項任務。
Another common source of waste stems from delaying work which is unpleasant by finding distractions which are less important or unproductive. Check your log to see if any tasks are being delayed simply because they are dull or difficult.
另一個普片的資源浪費來源于延遲工作它是令人不愉快的是通過較不重要或非生產(chǎn)性的共作產(chǎn)生。檢查你的日志看是否有任務被延遲，是因為他們是枯燥或困難的。
Time is often wasted in changing between activities. For this reason it is useful to group similar tasks together thus avoiding the start-up delay of each. The time log will show you where these savings can be made. You may want then to initiate a routine which deals with these on a fixed but regular basis.
時間經(jīng)常被浪費在活動的反復變化中。為此將相似的任務組織在一起避免相互延遲是有用的。時間日志將顯示你可在哪里節(jié)省時間。你將會慣性的去著手處理這些在一個固定并且具有規(guī)則依據(jù)的基礎上。
Doing Subordinate's Work
完成下級的工作Having considered what is complete waste, we now turn to what is merely inappropriate. Often it is simpler to do the job yourself. Using the stamp machine to frank your own letters ensures they leave by the next post; writing the missing summary in the latest progress report from your junior is more pleasant than sending it back (and it lets you choose the emphasis). Rubbish!
要考慮那些事完全是一種浪廢，我們現(xiàn)在要把注意力轉向那些不適當?shù)氖隆?通常你自己會做一些簡單的工作。使用郵票自動售賣機免費郵寄你自己的信件保證他們被送到下一站; 寫遺失總結在你最新的進展報告比送回它(和它讓您選擇重點)。垃圾!
Large gains can be made by assigning secretarial duties to secretaries: they regularly catch the next post, they type a lot faster than you. Your subordinate should be told about the missing section and told how (and why) to slant it. If you have a task which could be done by a subordinate, use the next occasion to start training him/her to do it instead of doing it yourself – you will need to spend some time monitoring the task thereafter, but far less than in doing it yourself.
大的收獲可以通過分配給你的秘書去安排：他們有規(guī)律的趕到下個郵局，他們是那種比你快很多的類型。你的級別是告訴下級缺掉部分和告訴他們它的重要性 (和為什么)。如果你有一項可以由下級完成的任務，用下一個時機去訓練他或她去代替你做這事，你將要花一些時間去監(jiān)督這項任務在之后的進展，但是要盡可能的讓自己少做這方面的事情。
Doing the Work of Others
做其他的工作A major impact upon your work can be the tendency to help others with theirs. Now, in the spirit of an open and harmonious work environment it is obviously desirable that you should be willing to help out – but check your work log and decide how much time you spend on your own work and how much you spend on others'. For instance, if you spend a morning checking the grammar and spelling in the training material related to you last project, then that is waste. Publications should do the proofreading – that is their job; they are better at it than you; you should deal at the technical level.
一種對你的工作產(chǎn)生重大影的趨勢，可以用它幫助其他的人。現(xiàn)在，在一個開放和諧的工作環(huán)境下，明顯的它是可取的，那你將很樂意的發(fā)揮出來，檢查你的工作日志并決定你花多少時間在你的工作上，和花多少時間在其它的事上，例如，如果你花一個早晨檢查語法和拼寫在訓練材料上，那么那是一種浪費。出版社應該做好校對; 這是他們的工作，他們在這方面比你做的更好; 你應該做的是一些技術水平方面的。
The remaining problem is your manager. Consider what periods in your work log were used to perform tasks that your manager either repeated or simply negated by ignoring it or redefining the task, too late. Making your manager efficient is a very difficult task, but where it impinges upon your work and performance you must take the bull by the horns (or whatever) and confront the issue.
剩下的問題是你的管理，考慮什么時候在你的工作日志里用來去執(zhí)行這項任務。你的管理不是重復或忽略或重新定義這項任務已經(jīng)太晚，你要做一項有效的管理是很困難的工作，但此處正是考驗你的工作不畏艱險的一個方面（或其他事情）和你必須勇敢面對的問題。
Managing your manager may seem a long way from Time Management, but no one impacts upon your use of time more than your immediate superior. If a task is ill defined, seek clarification (is that a one-page summary or a ten-page report?). If seemingly random alterations are asked in your deliverables, ask for the reasons and next time clarify these and similar points at the beginning. If the manager is difficult, try writing a small specification for each task before beginning it and have it agreed. While you cannot tactfully hold your manager to this contract if he/she has a change of mind, it will at least cause him/her to consider the issues early on, before you waste your time on false assumptions.
從你的時間上去管理你的管理看似一個很漫長的方法，但是沒有在時間之上更能讓你沖得更遠更多的了。如果在任務是不明確，要求澄清(是只有一頁總結或十頁報告？)。看是任意改動在你交付使用時，尋找原因，并且下次首先澄清這些在開始相似的重點上。如果管理是很困難的，在開始之前設法寫每項任務的說明書并讓它得到認同。當你不能靈活的把你的管理使用到這個合同上時，如果他或她改變主意，它將至少造成他或她在初期考慮問題原因，在你浪費你的時間在錯誤的假設之前。
External Appointments
外部的約會The next stage of Personal Time Management is to start taking control of your time. The first problem is appointments. Start with a simple appointments diary. In this book you will have (or at least should have) a complete list of all your known appointments for the foreseeable future. If you have omitted your regular ones (since you remember them anyway) add them now.

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