礦產資源開發中環境問題的法律對策

摘  要

礦產資源是社會經濟發展的重要條件，但開發利用礦產資源必須與環境保護協調發展。礦產資源開發中所引起的環境問題主要包括：對自然文化景觀的破壞；對地質結構的影響；礦山的廢水、廢氣與固體廢棄物等。就中國而言，礦產開發中的環保問題產生的原因主要有采礦許可證制度本身的不完善；地方經濟利益的趨勢；各行政部門管理職權的混亂，缺乏協調統一等等。針對這些問題，筆者在現有法律資源背景下，提出了一系列解決措施。首先，要完善“三同時”、環境影響評價、環境資源稅收等制度；其次，要加強執法監督、明確各部門職責、加強配合；再次，要加強礦山環境調查、監測以及災害防治；最后提出了要建立多元的礦山環境治理投資機制。

關鍵詞：礦產資源開發，環境保護，協調發展

Abstract

Mineral resource is important condition for social economy developing . but  exploitation and using of mineral resource must assort with environmental protection .These problems brought by mineral resource exploitation include destruct to nature and culture viewpoint 、influence to geologic structure；polluted  water 、polluted gas and more discarded solid coming from mineral production enterprise. For china the major reason of environmental protection problem in mineral resource exploitation is not good and lack of law and licence for exploitation mineral; and benefit tendency of local economy; confusing of management of different government department; lack of correspondeny and consistency in management  and so on; To these problems , author present a series of method to solve them in existent laws . The First , consummating there-project at same time、building relevant regulation in the evaluation to environmental influence and revenue to environmental resource; The Second , enhancing surveillance in executing the law, validating responsibility and cooperation of different department .The Third ,enhancing investigation of mine environment、monitoring and prevention and cure to environment .At last, author put forword the method to build multi-management system to investment in mine environment renewal and build the view of continuate developing.

keywords:Mineral resource exploitation，environmental protection，corresponding developing

目   錄

1  引言 ……………………………………………………………………………………1

2  礦產資源開發對環境的影響………………………………………………………2

2.1  礦產資源開發中存在的問題 …………………………………………………………2

2.2  礦產資源開發對環境的影響 …………………………………………………………3

3  礦產資源開發中環境問題的分析……………………………………………… 5

3.1  開發許可證制度的不完善　產權制度不明晰……………………………………… 5

3.2  經濟利益的驅使 ………………………………………………………………………5

3.3  各行政主管部門之間缺乏配合與協調 ………………………………………………6

4  完善礦產資源開發中的環境保護法律對策……………………………………7

4.1  樹立可持續發展觀…………………………………………………………………… 7

4.2  完善各項制度及制度的實施 …………………………………………………………7

4.3  加強監督與配合　明確各行政部門的職責………………………………………… 8

4.4  加強礦山環境資源的調查監測和災害防治………………………………………… 9

4.5  建立多元化的礦山環境保護機制…………………………………………………… 9

參考文獻 ………………………………………………………………………………… 10

致謝 ……………………………………………………………………………………… 11