中國式衡平——論宋代司法中情、理、法的綜合運用

法律論文編號:FG027   包括:開題報告,中英文摘要,論文,目錄,文獻綜述,任務書,答辯,中期檢查表,等     論文字數:20482,頁數:25 

目      錄
摘   要……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
ABSTRCT……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
前  言………………………………………………………………………………………1
一、情、理、法的釋義………………………………………………………………2
二、宋代司法中情、理、法的綜合運用 ………………………………………4
（一）執法原情，法外特例 …………………………………………………………5
1．活賣拒贖案案情介紹 ……………………………………………………………………5
2．判詞中的情理觀 …………………………………………………………………………6
3．案件總結 …………………………………………………………………………………5
（二）情理斷獄，情法兩平……………………………………………………………7
1．子婿爭遺產案案情介紹 …………………………………………………………………7
2．裁定中的司法技巧 ………………………………………………………………………8
3．案例所體現的衡平思想 …………………………………………………………………8
（三）人事定案，人情即法……………………………………………………………9
三、情、理、法的綜合運用的原因………………………………………………11
（一）宋朝理學的影響…………………………………………………………………11
（二）宋朝國情決定獨特的適法模式………………………………………………12
（三）柔性措施緩和各種矛盾 ………………………………………………………13
四、情理入法的綜合評價……………………………………………………………14
（一）一種形而上的探求………………………………………………………………14
（二）法律兼顧情理可彌補立法缺陷………………………………………………15
（三）情理入法可能導致人情泛濫，不利于維護法律權威 …………………16
（四）情理中的倫常內容應摒棄 ……………………………………………………17
五、余論 …………………………………………………………………………………19
參考文獻 …………………………………………………………………………………20
致    謝 …………………………………………………………………………………21

摘   要
中國的法律自古以來受到儒家思想的影響。直至宋代，儒家思想發展到一個新的高度。宋代司法過程中，特別是民事訴訟法方面，呈現出新的特點：司法官們巧妙地把情、理融入國法，運用天理人情作為判案依據，以彌補和糾正法律的不足與偏差的做法，具有鮮明的中國特色。即使當國法與情理一致時，法官也要把天理人情的內容寫入判詞，與法律一并成為斷案依據；當國法與情理相沖突時便屈法申情，以情理為先；當法律無明文規定時，把情理作為法律原則性內容加以確定，從而成為結案的主要依據。
情理入法的做法在宋代廣泛存在，不僅有助于實現個案的公平與正義，而且通過司法官的活動影響到整個社會法律秩序的建構和維系，特別是司法的衡平活動在很大程度上溝通了國家和社會的二元結構，調節著法律條文與與社會現實生活相脫節而造成的突出矛盾。同時，它也是司法官以司法手段執行著法律化的社會道德和倫理價值的充分體現，在傳統的司法活動中司法官們既堅守著以儒家精神為代表的道德立場，又采取著相當實際的態度。總的說來，取情入理、衡平司法的做法使宋代司法更加融合，以達到統治者們所希望看到的止訟、息訟的結果。

關鍵詞：宋代司法，情，理，法，衡平 

Chinese style equity ――The application of “human relationships”, “ethics” and  “national law” in the Song dynasty justice
Abstract
Confucianism, which was later developed to a higher level in Song dynasty,  had an impact on the Chinese laws since ancient times. Song justice revealed new features, especially in terms of civil procedure: judge in Song dynasty integrated the “human sentiment” and “ethics”, which served as standards for deciding a case and compensated for the deficiency on statutory law, into “national law” ingeniously. The practice in those cases is of Chinese characteristics. Even when the “national law” were consistent with the “human sentiment” and “ethics”, the judge were in favor of writing it formulary, which served as standards for deciding a case together with the law itself, into court decree. But when they conflicted with each other, the “human sentiment” and “ethics” were given preference. When no law expressly provided, the “human sentiment” and “ethics” as jurisdiction clauses content to be determined, thus becoming the main basis for deciding a case.
The combination of “human sentiment” and “ethics” and “national laws” were in existence extensively in Song dynasty, and this contributed not only the justice in individual cases but also the configuration and maintenance of  social order, which was influenced by the law. However, the justice equity, to a large extent, offers communication in the Nation-Society dualistic structure and regulates the contradiction between legal provisions and social reality. Meanwhile, it is also the judge' implement of moral and ethical value with a form of law. In the traditional judicial activities, the judge not only sticks to the moral principles of Confucianism, but also takes a practical attitude. Overall, the approach of justice equity adopting human sentiment and ethics into laws in Song dynasty makes an integrated law system, which achieves the purpose of stopping suits by the ruling class.
Keywords : Song dynasties justice，Human sentiment，Ethics，National law，Equity