對(duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)行死刑政策的評(píng)析

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對(duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)行死刑政策的評(píng)析
[摘 要] 死刑，又稱(chēng)“生命刑”、“極刑” 是指以剝奪罪犯人生命為內(nèi)容的最嚴(yán)厲的刑罰方法，是憑借從肉體上消滅犯罪分子的手段來(lái)懲罰犯罪，從而達(dá)到防衛(wèi)社會(huì)的刑罰方法。死刑是世界上最古老的刑罰之一，據(jù)歷史記載中國(guó)的死刑起源于堯舜時(shí)代。①?gòu)墓诺浇袼佬探?jīng)歷了由興盛到衰落，由殘酷到人道，由報(bào)復(fù)到理性的發(fā)展過(guò)程，當(dāng)今世界死刑已成為全面消亡之勢(shì)，半數(shù)以上的國(guó)家走入廢除死刑的行列。未廢除死刑的國(guó)家也限制死刑的適用。隨著全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)2006年10月31日表決通過(guò)一項(xiàng)法律修正案，將死刑案件的核準(zhǔn)權(quán)統(tǒng)一收歸最高法院行使。這是23年來(lái)，我國(guó)對(duì)最嚴(yán)厲的刑罰——死刑所作的一次最重大改革。使得中國(guó)關(guān)于死刑存廢的問(wèn)題再一次成為中國(guó)法學(xué)界關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，同時(shí)這也引發(fā)了全國(guó)對(duì)中國(guó)死刑存廢問(wèn)題的熱烈討論。筆者認(rèn)為廢除死刑是世界也是中國(guó)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)，但是就目前在中國(guó)的實(shí)際情況看，廢除死刑為時(shí)尚早，所以不存在保留死刑與廢除死刑的爭(zhēng)論。而應(yīng)著重研究死刑的限制、改革問(wèn)題。因此，筆者在本文中對(duì)我國(guó)的死刑從死刑的價(jià)值、死刑現(xiàn)狀及如何完善死刑制度三方面進(jìn)行了研究。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 死刑 政策 評(píng)價(jià)

Abstract：
Death penalty, which is also called" the life penalty " or “capital p---unishment”, is   the strictest punishment aiming at depriving life of the criminal and depending on exterminating the human body to punish the crime and achieving the purpose of defending the society. The death penalty is one of the oldest penalties in the world. China’s death penalty dated from Yao shun period according to the historical record. From ancient times to the present, the death penalty developed from prosperity to decline, from ruthlessness to humility and from vengeance to rationality. Nowadays, the world death penalty has the tendency of being died out completely. More than half of the countries have abolished the death penalty.  Those countries which haven’t abolished the death penalty have restricted the use of it. With the National People's Congress Standing October 31, 2006 passed a law to vote on an amendment to the death penalty cases in the hands of the Supreme Court approved the exercise of the right to reunification. This is 23 years, China's most severe penalty - death by one of the most significant reform. Of China on the issue of retention or abolition of the death penalty once again become the focus of jurisprudence,it arose a hot discussion all over the country. The writer thinks it is a tendency of the world and china on the course of its development to abolish the death penalty. But, according to the present situation of china, it is still too early to abolish the death penalty. As a result, the problem to retain or to abolish the death penalty no longer exists. The author of this article at the death of our country from the foundation of the value of the death penalty, capital punishment and how to improve the status of three aspects of the death penalty system is studied.
Keywords: Death penalty  Policy  eva luation 
 一、引言
 死刑，是一種懲罰，但同時(shí)也是上千種巧妙的折磨，一種比一種可怕。人類(lèi)天生的殘忍從未得到這樣般廣泛的運(yùn)用，而幾世紀(jì)以來(lái)，它卻被稱(chēng)之為“合法死亡”②。死刑是一種十分古老并且占據(jù)著重要地位的刑罰。但隨著兩百多年前意大利著名刑法學(xué)家貝卡里亞《論犯罪與刑罰》的出版，世界廢除死刑的運(yùn)動(dòng)就此開(kāi)始。在當(dāng)今國(guó)際人權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)日益發(fā)展的情況下，死刑逐漸成為被廢棄的刑種。但是在中國(guó)的刑法體系仍然保留著６８?jìng)�(gè)包括被暴力犯罪罪名的死刑。使得中國(guó)關(guān)于死刑的立法狀況與國(guó)際規(guī)則存在巨大的差距。隨著人類(lèi)社會(huì)物質(zhì)文明和精神文明的發(fā)展，廢除死刑是全人類(lèi)的必然選擇，也是中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和對(duì)外開(kāi)放的要求，但是在當(dāng)前的中國(guó)，為了迎合國(guó)際上的要求，而不顧實(shí)際情況一步廢除死刑，可能出現(xiàn)反復(fù)恢復(fù)廢除死刑以及在實(shí)際廢除死刑過(guò)程中因難度巨大而最終無(wú)法廢除死刑等情況，造成無(wú)謂的經(jīng)濟(jì)物質(zhì)上的浪費(fèi)，另外還造成對(duì)社會(huì)正常的公共次序的混亂。因此，在中國(guó)的實(shí)際情況下，廢除死刑應(yīng)該逐步進(jìn)行，直至最終的徹底廢除�，F(xiàn)階段中國(guó)死刑制度的亟待解決的問(wèn)題就是對(duì)中國(guó)刑法典規(guī)定的死刑罪名的限制，以及完善立法，嚴(yán)格死刑的執(zhí)行程序。以及為廢除死刑做一系列的準(zhǔn)備。