線切割機鉬絲張力控制系統設計

電氣自動化論文編號:ZD610 論文字數:17898,頁數:44，有外文翻譯，

 
目 錄
第1章 線切割機及張力控制簡介 1
1.1線切割機簡介 1
1.2 電火花線切割機張力控制簡介及原理 2
第2章 直流電機基本原理 4
2.1 直流電機的機構與調速原理 4
2.2  霍爾效應及其原理 7
第3章 硬件及方案的選擇 9
3.1控制方案的選擇 9
3.2  鍵盤的選擇 11
3.3  顯示方式的選擇 13
3.4  電動機驅動芯片的選擇 14
3.5 CS3020霍爾組件的介紹 17
3.6 總方案的確定 18
第4章 硬件系統的論述 20
4.1電源部分 20
4.2 PWM波形產生部分 20
4.3電機驅動部分 21
4.4測速顯示部分 23
第5章 軟件系統的論述 25
5.1主程序 25
5.2 PWM信號發生程序 27
5.3測速子程序 29
5.4顯示子程序 31
5.5鍵盤掃描子程序 33
第6章 總結 37
參考文獻 38
致  謝 39

摘  要
 
 隨著科技的發展，現代制造技術對機床性能的要求越來越高，因此對線切割機提出了更高加工工藝指標，尤其是效率指標，提高機床加工的穩定性、可靠性。而其中控制電極絲在切割中保持恒定的張力控制是至關重要的。這是長期困擾提高絲線切割機加工精度的癥結。如果電極絲的振動沒有很大的改善，那么加工精度也難以得到可觀的提高，并且也不可能實施可以有效提高加工精度的多次切割工藝。
 因此本畢業設計就鉬絲的張力控制進行了分析和研究，通過單片機控制，運用了直流電機PWM控制原理，對線切割機的直流電機進行了轉向，轉速的精確控制，進而對鉬絲的張力控制進行精確的控制，本設計中運用了能嚴格滿足性能要求而又價格低廉的AT89S51和AT89C2051的單片機片子，以及L298（一種高電壓、大電流）電機驅動芯片、LED顯示。還運用了壽命長，體積小，方便安裝的CS3020霍爾元件作為測速裝置。此外本設計附帶了紅外線遙控擴展功能，具有體積小、功耗低、功能強、成本低等特點，使整個控制系統性能更加完善。至此，可以解決線切割機鉬絲張力不平衡的難題。

關鍵詞：高頻PWM控制，單片機，直流電機調速，張力控制
Abstract
 
 Along with the technical development, the modern technique of manufacture is getting higher and higher to the engine bed performance's request, therefore proposed to the line cutter the higher processing technic index, the efficiency target, enhances the stability which, the reliability particularly the engine bed processes. But the control electrode silk maintains in cutting the constant tensity control is very important. This is the long-term puzzle increases the silk thread cutting machining precision the crux. If electrode silk vibration not very big improvement, then the working accuracy also with difficulty has the considerable enhancement, and is impossible to implement may increase the working accuracy to cut the craft many times effectively.
 The this graduation project has therefore carried on the analysis and the research on the molybdenum silk's tensity control, through the monolithic integrated circuit control, has utilized the direct current machine PWM control principle, carried on to the line cutter's direct current machine changed, the rotational speed accuracy control, then carried on the precise control to the molybdenum silk's tensity control, in this design utilized has been able to satisfy the performance requirement and the low in price strictly AT89S51 and at89C2051 monolithic integrated circuit flat and thin piece, as well as L298 (one kind of high voltage, big electric current) motor-driven chip, LED demonstration. Also utilized the life to be long, the volume was small, facilitates the installment CS3020 the Hall part achievement to measure the fast installment. In addition this design has supplemented the infrared remote control extended function, has the volume to be small, the power loss is low, the function is strong, the cost low status characteristic, causes the entire control system performance to be more perfect. Hence, may solve the line cutter molybdenum silk tensity not balanced difficult problem.
key word:  The high frequency PWM control, the monolithic integrated circuit,
 The direct current machine velocity modulation, the tensity controls