基于AT89C51單片機的多參數(shù)測試儀硬件設(shè)計

電氣自動化論文編號:ZD687    論文字數(shù):57756,頁數(shù):79

目   錄

引      言 1
1  緒   論 2
1.1測試技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展方向 2
1.2通用測試技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù) 3
1.2單片機技術(shù)簡介 6
1.2.1單片機技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢 9
1.2.2單片機技術(shù)的應(yīng)用 11
2方案論證 11
2.1方案一 12
2.2方案二 12
2.3方案三 12
2.4方案的選擇 12
3硬件設(shè)計 12
3.1傳感器的選擇 12
3.1.1電渦流式傳感器原理與特性 13
3.1.2電渦流式傳感器測量方法 15
3.2放大器設(shè)計 16
3.2.1用741集成運放設(shè)計放大電路 16
3.2.2用OP07設(shè)計放大電路 20
3.3抗混疊濾波 21
3.3.1硬件濾 21
3.3.2軟件濾波 28
3.4取樣—保持電路 32
3.5 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器 33
3.5.1 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換的一般步驟、取樣定理和選擇要點 34
3.5.2 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換原理 37
3.5.3 ADC0809模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換 38
3.5.4 ADC0809的應(yīng)用 42
3.6 8051單片機介紹 47
3.6.1  AT89C51主要特性及引腳說明 48
3.6.2單片機的硬件說明 51
3.7 74LS373鎖存器 53
3.8 74LS273觸發(fā)器 56
4應(yīng)用軟件 57
4.1  Proteus調(diào)試軟件簡介 57
4.2  Keil軟件介紹 59
致   謝 62
參考文獻 63
附錄A：硬件接線圖 64
附錄B：英文資料與翻譯 65

[摘要] 要實現(xiàn)對生產(chǎn)過程的自動控制，首先必須實現(xiàn)對生產(chǎn)過程參數(shù)進行實時、可靠的檢測。生產(chǎn)過程參數(shù)的自動檢測是實現(xiàn)自動控制的前提條件。沒有參數(shù)的檢測，就會是自動控制失去前提和依據(jù)。檢測技術(shù)發(fā)展了，控制水平才能提高。一些生產(chǎn)過程制約其自動化水平提高的瓶頸，往往在于參數(shù)難以被實時、可靠地檢測出來。
 測試周向振動機床在空載狀況下，主軸的空載的振頻和振幅，對于該設(shè)備在工作過程中復(fù)合振動參數(shù)的在線測試 一直沒能很好的解決。周向振動鉆床主軸在工作時，主軸以很高的速度勻速轉(zhuǎn)動并以很高的頻率擺動，加之其主要部件———激振驅(qū)動器本身的質(zhì)量較小，所以傳感器的附加質(zhì)量對周向振動鉆床主軸的運動規(guī)律，特別是對擺動部分的影響很大，如果用接觸式傳感器進行測量，必然會對測試結(jié)果的可靠性及精確度產(chǎn)生很大的影響，這就決定了所有需要用接觸方式進行測量的傳感器都不可能很好地滿足對系統(tǒng)的測量要求，為此，必須采用非接觸方式進行測量。而此次設(shè)計采用電渦流式的傳感器（電渦流式傳感器在高速旋轉(zhuǎn)機械和往復(fù)式運動機械的狀態(tài)分析，振動研究、分析測量中，對非接觸的高精度振動、位移信號，能連續(xù)準確地采集到轉(zhuǎn)子振動狀態(tài)的多種參數(shù)）對主軸在空載情況進行測試，將數(shù)據(jù)通過放大器進行放大，A/D將放大過的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換，輸入單片機AT89C51對數(shù)據(jù)分析、處理，再由LED數(shù)碼管將振頻、振幅顯示出來。
 [關(guān)鍵詞]  傳感器智能儀器；多參數(shù)測量；機械振動；單片機；

 Abstract:To achieve the automatic control of the production process, we must first achieve the parameters of the production process in real time, reliable detection. The parameters of the production process to achieve automatic detection is a prerequisite for automatic control. No parameters of the test will be the prerequisite and basis for the loss of automatic control. Detection technology development, in order to raise the level of
control. Some of the constraints of its production process automation to increase the level of the bottleneck, is often difficult to real-time parameters, reliably detected.
  Weeks to test the vibration machine in the no-load conditions, the main axis of the no-load vibration frequency and amplitude, for the equipment in the work of the complex process of vibration parameters on-line test had not been able to solve very good. Peripheral vibration drilling machine spindle at work, at high speed spindle rotation velocity and high frequency oscillation, combined with its main components --- exciting drive their own quality of the smaller, so the sensor attached to the quality of weeks vibration The movement of spindle drilling machine, especially for some of the swing of the impact, if contact with sensors to measure, is sure to test the reliability and accuracy have a huge impact, which determines the need to contact all the way To measure the sensor can well meet the requirements of the system of measurement, this must be a non-contact way to measure. And the design of eddy current sensors (eddy current sensors in high-speed rotating machinery and mechanical movement of the reciprocating state analysis, vibration analysis measurement, high precision non-contact vibration and displacement signals can be accurately in a row Rotor collected a variety of parameters of the state) on the axis of the situation in the no-load test data will be carried out through the amplifier amplification, A / D will enlarge the data conversion, input AT89C51 single chip for data analysis, processing, by LED Will be LED-frequency vibration, the amplitude displayed.

 Key words：Sensor；Intelligent machines；Multi-parameter measurement；Mechanical vibration；Single-chip；