HART智能變送器設(shè)計(jì)

論文編號(hào):ZD1182   論文字?jǐn)?shù):29853,頁數(shù):72  附原理圖

摘  要
 國(guó)家“十五”計(jì)劃的全面啟動(dòng)，給儀器儀表行業(yè)帶來新的增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。據(jù)有關(guān)方面分析，僅西氣東輸?shù)谝黄诠こ叹托枰�各種類型的流量、壓力、溫度儀表、調(diào)節(jié)控制儀表、分析儀器、執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)和主控系統(tǒng)，估計(jì)達(dá)100億左右；  目前對(duì)儀器儀表行業(yè)產(chǎn)品綜合水平評(píng)價(jià)：達(dá)到國(guó)際八十年代中期水平，微電子技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)在儀器儀表產(chǎn)品中普遍采用，約15％的產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)了智能化，達(dá)到國(guó)際九十年代水平；30％的產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)字化，達(dá)到國(guó)際八十年代末期水平，整體技術(shù)水平不高，綜合差距在15年左右。隨著國(guó)際上“四化”(數(shù)字化、智能化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、微型化)產(chǎn)品逐漸成為主流，差距還在拉大。主要表現(xiàn)：產(chǎn)品可靠性、穩(wěn)定性差的問題依然突出；重大工程項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)品成套率下降(由“八五”的80％下降到50％左)，高檔產(chǎn)品主要被國(guó)外產(chǎn)品占領(lǐng)，中檔產(chǎn)品面臨強(qiáng)烈沖擊，加入WT0以后，形勢(shì)將更加嚴(yán)峻。因此，研究出有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的儀器儀表成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急。HART協(xié)議的智能變送器作為模擬儀表向數(shù)字儀表的過渡產(chǎn)品，由于它在目前己成為事實(shí)上的工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，符合中國(guó)國(guó)情，加之它可為開發(fā)FF總線產(chǎn)品積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)，因此仍具有開發(fā)價(jià)值。    兩線制HART智能變送器的技術(shù)難點(diǎn)：  自身的電流不能超過3．5mA，這是典型的低功耗要求；數(shù)字信號(hào)在回路中的幅值要求，為1mA(峰—峰值)：變送器與手操器的通信。經(jīng)過努力，研制出了HART智能變送器一臺(tái)，達(dá)到了國(guó)內(nèi)先進(jìn)水平。

關(guān)鍵詞: HART協(xié)議   智能變送器   現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線   數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)通信

Abstract
 With the full start of "National Tenth Five_year Plan",trade of the instruments and meters will have a new increase point. According to the statistics released by relevant aspects. Various types of flux, pressure,temperature meters ,adjusting control meters, analyse instruments ,execution parts and host control system worth 10 billion yuan will be applied to "first period" of The project of West Gas To East. The synthetic eva luation of level of instruments and meters fields of our country has achieved the level of middle of 80's.     Microelectronic and computer technology are widely used in the fields of instruments and meters, about 15% of them has been made intelligentized which has achieved the level of 90's.about 30% of them has been made digitalize which has achieved the level of 90's.     The products of digitalize, Intelligentize, net, micro- mat ion gradually turn into mainstream. Gaps are becoming wide. problems of reliability, stability are still stand out. Main project's roducts whole set ratio are decreasing (from 80% of Eighth Five_year Plan to 50% at present).High end parts are occupied by foreign products, other products are facing violent impact.     After the entry of the WTO, the situation will become even harder. So research and design of instruments and meters of independence information property rights will become urgent affairs.Smart transmitter with HART protocol as a transition product from analog meters to digital meters, for it has become the industry standards and it is fit to the situation of china. Also it can accumulates experiences for FF BUS products. So it still has exploitation value.     The nodus of two_wired HART transmitter: typical low powered demand, self_current not more than 3. 5mA;digital signal breadth 1mA (Ipp) in loop; communication between transmitter and operator. By hard work, manufacture one transmitter, reach advance level of our country.

Keywords: HART Protocol; Smart transmitter; Numerical data communication

目     錄
第一章   緒  論 4
1.1   現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線概述 5
1.1.1 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線的產(chǎn)生 5
1.1.2 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線的概念 5
1.2   現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線控制系統(tǒng)的組成 6
1.3   現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線控制系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu) 7
1.4   幾種典型現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線 9
1.4.1 基金會(huì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線 9
1.4.2 CAN 9
1.4.3 HART 9
1.4.4 ProifiBus 10
1.4.5 Lonworks 10
1.5   現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線的特點(diǎn) 11
1.5.1 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線是數(shù)字通信網(wǎng)絡(luò) 11
1.5.2 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線是開放式互連網(wǎng)絡(luò) 11
1.5.3 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線是結(jié)構(gòu)和功能高度分散的系統(tǒng) 11
1.5.4 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線具有優(yōu)越的遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控功能 11
1.5.5 為企業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建創(chuàng)造了條件 11
1.6 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線的發(fā)展前景 12
第二章   HART通信協(xié)議及設(shè)計(jì)方案的確定 13
2.1   HART概述 13
2.2   HART通信協(xié)議簡(jiǎn)介 13
2.2.1   物理層 13
2.2.2   數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層 14
2.2.3   應(yīng)用層 15
2.3   HART協(xié)議物理層技術(shù)規(guī)范 16
2.3.1   網(wǎng)絡(luò)要求 16
2.4   HART變送器設(shè)計(jì)方案論證 18
2.4.1   HART通信協(xié)議的特點(diǎn)與優(yōu)點(diǎn) 18
2.4.2   方案論證 18
2.5   HART通信協(xié)議的應(yīng)用及發(fā)展前景 19
第三章   HART變送器硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) 21
3.1   AD421  16位串行輸入4～20mA電流環(huán)路輸出數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換器 21
3.1.1   AD421概述 21
3.1.2   引腳功能介紹 21
3.1.3   AD421工作原理 22
3.1.4   AD421應(yīng)用電路 27
3.1.5   智能變送器 28
3.1.6   AD421在HART變送器中的應(yīng)用 29
 3.2   HT2012  HART調(diào)制解調(diào)器 30
3.2.1   HT2012概述 30
3.2.2   HT2012引腳功能介紹 31
3.2.3   HT2012工作原理 32
3.2.4   HT2012的功能及應(yīng)用 33
3.2.5   HT2012使用中的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵問題 34
 3.3   低功耗單片機(jī)PIC16C711 35
3.3.1   PIC單片機(jī)概述 35
3.3.2   PIC16O711引腳功能介紹 35
3.3.3   PIC16O711單片機(jī)特點(diǎn) 36
3.3.4   PIC16O711單片機(jī)結(jié)介紹 38
3.3.5   PIC16O711單片機(jī)功能介紹 39
 3.4   一些外圍電路器件的介紹 43
3.4.1   液晶顯示模塊LCM103 43
3.4.2   四路三態(tài)輸出緩沖器74HC126 44
 3.5   綜合設(shè)計(jì) 45
第四章   軟件設(shè)計(jì) 46
4.1   基本硬件接口程序設(shè)計(jì) 46
 4.1.1   AD421接口程序設(shè)計(jì) 46
4.1.2   HT2012接口程序設(shè)計(jì) 47
4.1.3   微處理器模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器（A/D）模塊接口程序設(shè)計(jì) 49
4.1.4   液晶顯示模塊軟件設(shè)計(jì) 49
4.2   模糊控制器 51
4.2.1   模糊控制器程序設(shè)計(jì) 54
4.3   HART智能變送器軟件總體設(shè)計(jì) 55
第五章   結(jié)   論 56
參考文獻(xiàn)  57
附    錄  59
附錄1   程序清單 59
附錄2   電路原理圖 71