步進電機控制器（GTR)的研制

電氣自動化論文編號:ZD921    論文字數:12486,頁數:32

目  錄
摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
1 緒論…………………………………………………………………………………………………1
 1.1 課題背景………………………………………………………………………………………1
 1.2主要研究工作…………………………………………………………………………………1
 1.3 本文安排………………………………………………………………………………………1
2步進電機基礎知識…………………………………………………………………………………2
 2.1 步進電機工作原理及基本參數………………………………………………………………2
 2.1.1 步進電機工作原理……………………………………………………………………2
 2.1.2 步進電機各指標和參數………………………………………………………………5
 2.2 步進電機驅動方式……………………………………………………………………………6
 2.3 步進電機控制系統構成………………………………………………………………………7
3 單片機………………………………………………………………………………………………8
 3.1 單片機的結構…………………………………………………………………………………8
 3.2 單片機控制步進電機方法……………………………………………………………………9
 3.2.1 串行方式………………………………………………………………………………9
 3.2.2 并行方式………………………………………………………………………………9
4 系統硬件設計……………………………………………………………………………………11
 4.1 系統硬件結構………………………………………………………………………………11
 4.2 機型及器件選擇……………………………………………………………………………11
 4.3 GTR……………………………………………………………………………………………12
 4.3.1 驅動問題…………………………………………………………………………… 13
 4.3.2 隔離問題…………………………………………………………………………… 13
 4.4 鍵盤接口設計………………………………………………………………………………14
   4.5石英多諧振蕩器電路設計……………………………………………………………………15
 4.6系統硬件合成及原理圖………………………………………………………………………16
5 軟件設計…………………………………………………………………………………………18
 5.1 步進電動機的主流程圖……………………………………………………………………18
 5.2 定時中斷流程圖…………………………………………………………………………19
 5.3鍵盤部分設計………………………………………………………………………………19
6 總結………………………………………………………………………………………………21
致謝…………………………………………………………………………………………………22
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………………………23
附錄1 程序代碼  …………………………………………………………………………………24
附錄2 硬件電路原理圖……………………………………………………………………………28

摘  要
 步進電機是機電一體化產品關鍵組件之一，是一種性能良好的數字化執行元件。本文介紹了步進電機工作原理以及各項指標參數，分析了單片機控制步進電機的方法。系統采用單片機與步進電機并行通訊控制方案，以單片機AT89C51作為步進電機的控制器，實現步進電機的運行控制、復位等各項操作。步進電機的各項操作由鍵盤實現。
    硬件結構由鍵盤接口電路、電機驅動電路、石英多諧振蕩電路構成。電機工作時，由12MHz的石英多諧振蕩電路產生振蕩脈沖，經光耦隔離器控制GTR的接通與關斷，從而控制步進電機的工作
    軟件采用模塊化設計，通過調用一系列子程序，如中斷、鍵盤掃描等實現步進電機三相單四拍、雙四拍和單、雙八拍的運行。給出了硬件原理圖、編程流程圖及部分軟件程序。

關鍵字：步進電機；AT89C51；硬件接口電路；軟件模塊

Abstract
Steping motor was the key part of mechatronic technology production,it was a well used digitial Implementation components .this paper introduced the principle and Indicators data of Steping motor ,analysised the method of the Steping motor control based on Microcontroller 
The system using the parallel communication control method between Microcontroller and Steping motor, as the Steping motor ’s controler ,the AT89C51 serial Microcontroer fulfill the motion control ,rsetion and such operation, the Steping motor’s operation signal was from the keyboard input signal.
The system Hardware structure was composed by the keyboard interface circuit, the electrical drive circuit, quartz multi-harmonic oscillation circuit. When the motor works, 12MHz quartz oscillator circuit multi-harmonic oscillation pulses generated by the opto isolators GTR control and turn-off of access to control stepper motors work .
Modular design of software through a series of subroutine calls, such as interruption, such as keyboard scanning stepper motor to achieve three-phase four-shot single, double and four single-shot, double shot of running eight. Gives the schematic diagram of hardware, programming flowc  hart and some software programs.
 

Keywords：Steping motor；AT89C51；Hardware interface electric circuit；Software modular