我國小微企業(yè)融資難問題及其對策研究

內(nèi) 容 摘 要

小微企業(yè)是我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的一支活躍的力量。有數(shù)據(jù)表明，目前各種所有制和組織形式的小微企業(yè)及個(gè)體經(jīng)營戶已經(jīng)成為我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要組成部分。總體來看，我國小微企業(yè)約占國民經(jīng)濟(jì)30%左右。促進(jìn)小微企業(yè)發(fā)展對我國的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、勞動(dòng)就業(yè)以及全面構(gòu)建和諧社會具有重大而深遠(yuǎn)的戰(zhàn)略意義。

 隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)總量的快速增長和經(jīng)濟(jì)格局的深入調(diào)整，小微企業(yè)的重要性日  益凸顯，然而小微企業(yè)融資困難的問題依然不同程度地存在著，進(jìn)而制約著各地經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，特別是對欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的發(fā)展。目前，關(guān)于小微企業(yè)融資分析多包含在中小企業(yè)融資問題的研究中。本文試圖擺脫中小企業(yè)研究的傳統(tǒng)模式，明確小微企業(yè)概念，理清小微企業(yè)與中小企業(yè)的區(qū)別，從而單獨(dú)進(jìn)行論述，找出解決小微企業(yè)資金短缺問題，破解融資困境。

[關(guān)鍵詞]：國民經(jīng)濟(jì)；經(jīng)濟(jì)總量；融資問題

目       錄

1  導(dǎo)語····························································1

1.1  我國小微企業(yè)融資概述·····································3

1.1.1我國小微企業(yè)界定···································3

1.2  我國小微企業(yè)特征·········································5

1.2.1投資主體和組織形式多元化···························5

1.2.2出資來源和形式多元化·······························5

1.2.3生產(chǎn)銷售靈活化·····································5

1.2.4內(nèi)部管理松散·······································5

1.3  融資相關(guān)概念 ············································6

1.3.1融資的定義·········································6

1.3.2小微企業(yè)融資的定義·································6

1.3.3融資方式···········································6

2  我國小微企業(yè)融資的現(xiàn)狀··········································6

2.1   融資結(jié)構(gòu)來源不合理，甚至畸形····························6

2.2   融資成本過高，困境加劇··································6

2.3   非正式金融融資比例大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高······························7

3  我國小微企業(yè)融資難原因分析······································7

3.1   小微企業(yè)自身方面·········································7

      3.1.1小微企業(yè)規(guī)模小，實(shí)力弱，經(jīng)營風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高·················8

3.1.2小微企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)制度不規(guī)范，信息透明度低，信用觀念不強(qiáng)·8

3.2   金融機(jī)構(gòu)方面············································8

      3.2.1銀行方面···········································9

3.2.2證劵機(jī)構(gòu)方面·······································9

3.2.3信用擔(dān)保體系方面···································9

3.3   政府方面···············································10

3.3.1缺乏公平競爭的融資環(huán)境和法律法規(guī)保障··············10

3.3.2政策性金融機(jī)構(gòu)支持乏力····························10

3.3.4法律方面··········································11

4   國外破解小微企業(yè)融資困境的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)啟示························11

4.1   日本的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)及啟示···································11

      4.1.1日本的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)····································12

4.1.2小微企業(yè)管理機(jī)構(gòu)體系非常健全······················12

4.1.3成立促進(jìn)小微企業(yè)發(fā)展互助基金······················12

4.1.4完善的法律保障體系································13

4.2   日本成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)的啟示·····································13

4.3   孟加拉國成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)的啟示·································13

5   小微企業(yè)融資對策及建議········································14

5.1   小微企業(yè)自身方面·······································14

5.1.1強(qiáng)化企業(yè)信用觀念，構(gòu)筑良好銀企關(guān)系·················15

5.1.2要規(guī)范企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)制度································15

5.1.3小微企業(yè)要提高自身競爭能力························15

5.2   金融機(jī)構(gòu)方面···········································15

5.3   政府方面···············································16

5.4   法律法規(guī)方面···········································16