《老人與海》的悲劇色彩:對完美主義的質疑

英語論文編號:YY079 字數:7591,頁數:21

Contents

Abstract.............................................................I
Key Words............................................................I
摘要.................................................................II
關鍵詞...............................................................II
Introduction.........................................................1
I. Background........................................................3
A. The Author——Earnest Hemingway...................................3
B. The Medium-Length Novel...........................................3
   1. Summary........................................................3
   2. The Social Background of This Work.............................4
II. The Tragic Color in The Old Man and the Sea......................5
A. Definition of the Tragic Color....................................5
B. Tragic Color Represented in the Novel.............................5
1. Titanic Fish’s Tragedy...........................................6
2. The Old Man’s Tragedy............................................6
III. Perfectionism...................................................7
A. Definition........................................................7
 B. Santiago’s and Hemingway’s Perfectionism.......................8
1. Santiago’s Perfectionism.........................................8
2. Hemingway’s Perfectionism........................................9
3. Sum up............................................................10
 C. Dealing with Perfectionism.......................................11
1. Comprehension of the Imperfection.................................11
2. Learning to Abnegate..............................................12
Conclusion...........................................................14
Acknowledgements.....................................................15
Bibliography.........................................................16

Abstract

       Through ages, human beings have always been in pursuit of the perfection of everything. Not all things, however, are perfect in the world. Both Hemingway and Santiago, the hero in his famous work The Old Man and the Sea are perfectionists. In their daily lives, perfectionists have endless sadness since they always demand more and more. When a person wants more and his present situation could not satisfy him, he is bound to involve in a strange circle, which will make his mentality full of contradictories. It is uneasy for him to let himself free. Perfectionists could not be easily understood by others. Though an analysis of the tragedy of the old man and Hemingway, this thesis mainly discusses the tragic color in The Old Man and the Sea, and draws a conclusion that their perfectionism leads to their tragedy. In that way, the paper challenges perfectionism. Just like an old saying goes: “No one is perfect”. There is no absolute perfectionism in the world. In fact, pursuing perfection is a good medicine for those who are vacuous to remedy, but on the premise that they know their potential well in pursuit of perfection. If a person does not know his potential of perfection and over-pursues it, not only does he live without happiness, but he gets nothing in the end as well. The world is imperfect. Therefore, it is essential to accept the imperfection of the world and learn to abnegate some unrealistic pursuits. This thesis tries to elucidate the truth that people who over-pursue perfection cannot but hurt themselves in the end.

Key Words

tragic color; perfection; perfectionism; Hemingway; Santiago

摘  　要

      千古以來，人們歷來追求事事的完美，然而，事事皆不完美，即使是人們心目中最完美的東西也有它的破綻。就像是海明威和他的名著《老人與海》里的鐵漢英雄---圣地亞哥一樣，他們兩人都是人們心目中的完美主義者。然而在日常的生活中，完美主義者總是有著無窮無盡的悲哀，因為他們一生的追求會隨著自己目標的達成變得越來越多。若是一個追求完美的人為自己定了很高的目標而沒有實現時，他們就很容易陷入一種精神的怪圈，這樣的怪圈使得他們的內心總是充滿矛盾，在不斷的掙扎中，他們難以脫身。
本論文從研究《老人與海》的悲劇色彩入手，分析老人的悲劇，指出他的悲劇是由他的完美主義思想所致，同時也說明海明威的悲劇，海明威對自己的要求太高了，他不斷追求心中達到完美的目標，甚至有些目標已經超過了他的能力范圍。然而，他的事事追求完美的思想使得他承受不了生活的壓力，病痛的折磨，最終，他以自殺結束了他本是輝煌燦爛的人生。接著論文則對世人覺得理所當然的追求完美主義的思想提出質疑。正如金無赤金，人無完人所闡述的道理，世間沒有絕對的完美。實際上追求完美是彌補心靈空虛人的一劑良藥，但前提是在人們真正了解自己的潛能。一個人若是連自己都不了解，不知道自己真正所需，就過度追求生命中事事的完美，那他的一生必定沒有幸福，而且到頭來也不會得到他所追求的完美。整理我們的思緒，放棄不切實際的想法，做我們自己而不在意別人的想法，這才是我們每個人應該做的。世界從來就不完美，學會放棄才是人生的寬途。
本論文分析老人和海明威的悲劇以及對造成他們悲劇的原因---追求完美主義，進行分析，試圖說明過分追求完美必然導致對自己的傷害。

關鍵詞

悲劇色彩；完美；完美主義；海明威；圣地亞哥