量子微觀體系的對稱性

應(yīng)用物理學(xué)論文編號:WLX075  字?jǐn)?shù):8978,頁數(shù):23

 
目  錄
中文摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………ⅰ
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………ⅱ
目錄………………………………………………………………………………………………ⅲ
第一章：緒論……………………………………………………………………………………1
第二章：量子力學(xué)中的對稱性分析……………………………………………………………2
第三章：對稱性與守恒量的關(guān)系………………………………………………………………4
第四章：力學(xué)量隨時間的演化與對稱性………………………………………………………7
第五章：薛定諤方程時間對稱性與能量守恒定律……………………………………………9
第六章：全同粒子體系的對稱性………………………………………………………………14
結(jié)束語……………………………………………………………………………………………18
致謝………………………………………………………………………………………………19
參考文獻(xiàn)…………………………………………………………………………………………20

摘要
 在經(jīng)典力學(xué)中, 一個體系的力學(xué)量, 一般說來是隨時間而不斷變化的, 但可能存在某些力學(xué)量在運(yùn)動過程中保持不變, 這種力學(xué)量被稱為守恒量。 量子力學(xué)中, 守恒量與體系對稱性之間有著密切聯(lián)系。 此外，在用量子力學(xué)處理各種具體問題時，能嚴(yán)格求解者極少,而借助于對稱體系的分析，就不必嚴(yán)格求解薛定諤方程，往往可以得出一些很重要的結(jié)論。本論文簡要分析了量子力學(xué)中的守恒量和對稱性，并分析了對稱性與守恒量之間的關(guān)系。其中涉及了，量子力學(xué)對稱性中的三個推論（守恒律，能量的簡并性，選擇定則），薛定諤方程的對稱性與能量守恒定律，力學(xué)量隨時間的演化與對稱性的關(guān)系，全同粒子體系的對稱性分析等。
 
 
關(guān)鍵詞：量子力學(xué) 對稱性 守恒量 微觀體系 時空對稱
 
Abstract
 In classical mechanics, a mechanical system volume over time in general is changing. But possibly has certain mechanical quantities, maintains invariable in the rate process, this kind of mechanical quantity is called the conservation quantity. In the quantum mechanics, between the conservation quantity and the system symmetry has the close relation. In addition, when uses the quantum mechanics deals with each kind of concrete issue, can the strict demander be extremely few, but with the aid in the symmetrical system's analysis, does not need to solve the Schrödinger equation strictly, often may draw some very important conclusion. In this article summary analysis quantum mechanic's conservation quantity and the symmetry, and have analyzed between symmetrical and the conservation quantity relations. And has involved, in quantum mechanics symmetry three deductions (conservation law, energy degeneracy, selection rule), Schrödinger equation symmetry and law of conservation of energy, mechanical quantity along with time evolution and symmetrical relations, all with granule system's symmetrical analysis. 
Keywords：Quantum mechanics；Symmetry；Conservation quantity； Microscopic system； Space and time symmetry.