試論孟德斯鳩的政體觀

行政管理論文編號:ZZ025 附任務(wù)書,開題報告,文獻(xiàn)綜述,及所有過程材料,論文字?jǐn)?shù):10594,頁數(shù):16

目   錄
摘要………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
引言………………………………………………………………………………1
一、孟德斯鳩政體分類及其原則…………………………………………2
（一） 政體的分類……………………………………………………………2
1. 共和政體………………………………………………………………………2
2. 君主政體………………………………………………………………………3
3. 專制政體………………………………………………………………………4
（二） 各種政體的原則……………………………………………………4
1. 共和政體的原則………………………………………………………………4
2. 君主政體的原則………………………………………………………………5
3. 專制政體的原則………………………………………………………………6
二、孟德斯鳩對各種政體的評價……………………………………………7
（一）對共和政體的評價……………………………………………………7
   （二）對君主政體的評價……………………………………………………7
   （三）對專制政體的評價……………………………………………………8
三、孟德斯鳩政體觀之精神…………………………………………………10
   （一）法治………………………………………………………………10
   （二）自由………………………………………………………………11
   （三）平等 ………………………………………………………………12
結(jié)束語…………………………………………………………………………14
參考文獻(xiàn)…………………………………………………………………….15
致謝………………………………………………………………………….16

摘   要
孟德斯鳩作為法國十八世紀(jì)杰出的政治哲學(xué)家、啟蒙思想家、資產(chǎn)階級理論的創(chuàng)始人和資產(chǎn)階級法理論的奠基人之一，他的思想和理論涉及面非常廣泛和精深。其中的政體思想所包含的內(nèi)容十分豐富，主要包括：政體的分類（將政體劃分為共和政體、君主政體和專制政體）、政體的性質(zhì)、政體的原則（共和政體的原則是美德；君主政體的原則是榮譽；專制政體的原則是恐怖）、政體同法律等社會事實的關(guān)系、對各種政體的評價以及政體與政治自由等諸多內(nèi)容，其豐富的政體思想蘊涵著深刻的法治、自由和平等精神。這其中既有值得褒揚的能啟迪人們思想進步、推動世界文明發(fā)展的深邃思想和精辟理論，如他主張健全法制、實行法治、保障公民權(quán)利、反對公開確認(rèn)不平等和極端平等。同時他的政體思想也有存在瑕疵的地方，需要我們細(xì)致的明辨。
關(guān)鍵詞：  孟德斯鳩  政體  法治  自由  平等        
On Montesquieu's Point of View about Forms of  Government

Abstract
Montesquieu as a distinguished French political philosopher , thinker of the Enlightenment on 18th century ,The founder of the theory of bourgeoise and the one of  the legal theory of the bourgeoisie, whose ideological and theoretical involved is very extensive and profound. They contained various of government including: the  classification of governments ( to be divided into the republic ,the monarchy and the dictatorship ), the nature and the principle  governments (the republic is virtue ,the monarchy is of honor and the dictatorship is terrorist ), the relationship among the governments ,the law,the social fact and the uation of the various political freedom and so on. Are  rich contains in the profound the spirit of rules of law ,freedoms and equalities. Among these ,there are worthy celebrating deep thinkings  and brilliant theories which can  inspire the people and  promote the development of  world civilization. Such as ,he advocated improving the legal system ,practicing ruling by law ,protecting civil right and opposing the public recognition of extreme inequality and equality. At the same time ,he  is also thinking that there are  also flaws of governments which need to be distinguished in detail.
Key words: Montesquieu; government;rule of  law；freedom; equality