平菇的交配型研究

食品科學論文編號:SP013  附開題報告,外文翻譯,論文字數:12120,頁數:19

目錄
畢業設計任務書……………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
開題報告……………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
指導教師審查意見…………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
評閱教師評語………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
答辯會議記錄………………………………………………………………………Ⅴ
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………Ⅵ
外文摘要……………………………………………………………………………Ⅶ
1前言  ………………………………………………………………………………1
     1.1平菇的生物學特性  ………………………………………………………1
1.2平菇交配型研究簡史………………………………………………………6
     1.3平菇交配型基因的應用……………………………………………………7
2研究目的和意義  …………………………………………………………………9
3材料和方法 ………………………………………………………………………10
     3.1供試材料 …………………………………………………………………10
3.2藥品與試劑 ………………………………………………………………10
3.3儀器與設備 ………………………………………………………………10
3.4 PDA培養基及配方   ……………………………………………………10
3.5實驗方法    ………………………………………………………………11
4結果與分析  ………………………………………………………………………13
     4.1單核菌株的獲得  …………………………………………………………13
     4.2平菇極性及交配型基因的確定  …………………………………………14
5 討論與總結  ………………………………………………………………………15
參考文獻  ……………………………………………………………………………15
致謝  …………………………………………………………………………………18
英文翻譯
英文原文

[摘 要] 平菇（Pleurotus ostreatus）又名側耳，是一種適應性很強的木腐菌，在分類學上屬擔子菌綱，傘菌目，白蘑科，側耳屬，是世界上十種大面積栽培的食用菌之一，產量僅次于香菇，也是目前我國栽培最多的四種主要食用菌之一。交配型基因是性親和表現型遺傳決定因子，平菇為有性生殖異宗配合四極性類型，即單孢形成的菌落自體不育，不同單核菌絲在配對基因皆為雜交結合時才能雙核化，形成子實體。在四極性交配系統中，A和B因子分別對應位于不同染色體上的兩個交配型位點，兩個單核菌絲相遇，只有當它們形成A1A2B1B2或者AαAβBαBβ型時，才能產生具有鎖狀聯合的雙核體，完成整個有性生活史。據Eger.G研究，在平菇的自然群屬中，至少存在63個A因子和190個B因子，估計有63×190=11970個交配型，因此，平菇的雜交潛力是十分巨大的。隨著平菇業的高速發展，對平菇交配型的研究也越來越深入。本問主要介紹了目前平菇交配型研究狀況、測定方法、以及其現階段在菌種鑒定、育種等方面的應用，并闡述了今后需解決的一些問題。
 [關鍵詞] 平菇；單核配對；單孢分離；交配型；四極性

Study on mating system of Pleurotus ostreatus
Students:Gao YingRui，College of Life Science,Yangtze University
Tutor:Yu ZhiHe,      College of Life Science,Yangtze University
[Abstract] P.ostreatus is a kind of wood-rotting fungi with very strong adaptability.It belongs to Bssidiomycetes,Agaricales,Pleurotaceace and is one of edible fungi which is ten kinds of big areas to cultivate in the world,the yield only next to Lentinus edodes,and It is also one of most of four kinds of main edible fungi in our country currently.The mating type gene is inherit decision factor of compatibility with the performance type,P.ostreatus belongs to sexual reproduction heterothallism,tetrapolarity,Namely the colony which is consist of single spore mycelium will self-sterility,If conjugate sex gene with all for incompatibility,then crossing can dicaryotization and form sporophore.In tetrapolarity mating system,A and B factor is two mating types locus locating different chromosome,only when two single spore mycelium form AαAβBαBβ,then can produce to dikaryon and complete whole sexual life history.Study according to the Eger.G ,In the natural alliance of P.ostreatus,exist 63 A factors with 190 B factors at least,the estimate has 63×190=11970 mating type,therefore,the crossing potential of P.ostreatus is very huge.Along with the high-speed development of P.ostreatus industry,the research of P.ostreatus mating type is also more and more thorough.Mainly introduced currently research condition and measurese method of P.ostreatus mating type,and currently at the research and application of culture identification and breeding etc,and elaborate the problem for resolving currently.
[Key words] Pleurotus ostreatus; single spore isolation ;Mating type;Tetrapolar