蝦下腳料制備多功能葉面肥的研究

食品科學(xué)論文編號(hào):SP032  本論文字?jǐn)?shù):12168,頁(yè)數(shù):25

目    錄

1.前言  I
1.1 植物需要的營(yíng)養(yǎng)素 1
1.2 葉面肥的種類(lèi) 1
1.2.1  氮基酸加營(yíng)養(yǎng)素型 1
1.2.2  植物生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑加元素型 1
1.2.3  無(wú)機(jī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)型 1
1.2.4  腐植酸加營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素型 1
1.3 國(guó)內(nèi)外葉面肥的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 1
1.4 研究意義 2
1.5 在葉面肥研究中提出原子經(jīng)濟(jì)性概念 3
1.6 本項(xiàng)目葉面肥料工藝流程的確定 4
2.材料與方法  5
2.1 供試材料 5
2.2 主要儀器及藥品 5
2.3 試驗(yàn)方法 5
2.3.1 蝦下腳料中粗蛋白的脫除方法 5
2.3.2 蝦殼中鈣、鎂的脫除方法 6
2.3.3 葉面肥母液的制備方法 7
2.3.4 葉面肥的品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)方法 7
2.3.4.1 總氮的測(cè)定 7
2.3.4.2 總磷的測(cè)定 7
2.3.4.3 鉀的測(cè)定 8
2.3.4.4 鈣的測(cè)定 8
2.3.4.5 鎂的測(cè)定 8
2.3.4.6 氨基酸的測(cè)定 8
2.4 葉面肥母液制備的工藝流程 8
3.結(jié)果與討論  8
3.1 堿的用量與反應(yīng)時(shí)間對(duì)提取蝦下腳料中粗蛋白質(zhì)的影響 8
3.1.1 物料比與粗蛋白產(chǎn)量關(guān)系 8
3.1.2 KOH濃度與粗蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)量的關(guān)系 9
3.1.3 水解時(shí)間與粗蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)量的關(guān)系 11
3.2 酸的用量與反應(yīng)時(shí)間對(duì)蝦殼鈣、鎂脫除的影響 12
3.2.1物料比與二氧化碳產(chǎn)量的關(guān)系 12
3.2.2 酸的濃度與二氧化碳產(chǎn)量的關(guān)系 13
3.2.3不同溫度對(duì)二氧化碳產(chǎn)量的影響 14
3.3 葉面肥母液的制備 14
3.4 葉面肥的品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià) 15
3.4.1 葉面肥中氮、磷、鉀及鈣、鎂的含量 15
3.4.2 葉面肥中氨基酸的含量與組成 15
3.5 小結(jié)與展望 16
參考文獻(xiàn)  18
Abstract  20
致謝  21

摘        要
 本項(xiàng)目的研究以綠色環(huán)保和復(fù)合多功葉面肥為宗旨，以蝦下腳料為原料，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)蝦下腳料加工工藝進(jìn)行改進(jìn)。同時(shí)引入原子經(jīng)濟(jì)性概念，設(shè)計(jì)出能使原料100%轉(zhuǎn)化成產(chǎn)品的新工藝。研究結(jié)果表明：(1)處理蝦下腳料的最佳堿液濃度為4.5%；最佳酸濃度為2.45%；(2)經(jīng)酸堿處理后，蝦下腳料可得到產(chǎn)品甲殼素13.77％和蛋白質(zhì)27.03％；(3)經(jīng)分析測(cè)定，在酸堿處理液中含氨基酸0.5％，鈣38.9mg/L，鎂55.367mg/L，鉀20.00g/L，氮4.53g/L，磷78.93g/L，是一種營(yíng)養(yǎng)平衡的多功葉面肥；(4)經(jīng)本工藝處理可得到甲殼素、蝦肽蛋白和多功能葉面肥，并使整個(gè)加工過(guò)程達(dá)到零排放、零污染。該項(xiàng)目的研究結(jié)果，開(kāi)辟了蝦下腳料加工的新方法和新工藝，對(duì)解決長(zhǎng)期困繞我國(guó)沿海養(yǎng)殖加工區(qū)的環(huán)境污染和資源浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題，創(chuàng)建潔凈生產(chǎn)示范工程具有重要的作用。
 
關(guān)鍵詞：蝦下腳料；葉面肥；原子經(jīng)濟(jì)性；甲殼素；蝦肽蛋白 

Research on Preparation of a Green Compound Foliar Fertilizer by Shrimp Shell
Abstract：This research is based on green environmental protection and compound foliar fertilizer using shrimp waste as materials with improving in traditional process. Furthermore, Atom Economy concept is introduced. A new process of 100% conversion from materials to products was carried out. The research results indicated that the best base concentration was 4.5% and the best acid concentration was 2.45%; Chitin was obtained in 13.77% yield and protein was obtained in 27.03% yield with acid and base treatment to shrimp waste; The compound foliar fertilizer contained 0.5% of Amino acids，and the concentration of calcium was 21.9 mg/L, the concentration of magnesium was 31.125 mg/L, the concentration of potassium was 11250 mg/L, the concentration of nitrogen was 2.55 g/L and the concentration of phosphorus was 44.4 g/L; Chitin, shrimp peptide protein and compound foliar fertilizer can be obtained through this process, and zero discharge and pollution were realized in this process. These results opened up a new method and technology in shrimp waste processing and can solve the problem of Environmental Pollution and resource waste.

Key word: Shrimp waste; Foliar fertilizer; Atom economy; Chitin; Shrimp peptide protein