蠅蛹殼中提取幾丁質的研究

生物工程論文編號:SW064  論文字數:15476,頁數:30

目  錄
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目錄 III
1. 緒論 1
 1.1 幾丁質的來源 1
 1.2  幾丁質及殼聚糖的制取 2
 1.3 幾丁質的應用前景 4
 1.4 殼聚糖的應用前景 6
7
 1.5 蠅蛹殼中幾丁質提取的優(yōu)勢 8
 1.6 本章小結 9
2. 實驗部分 10
 2.1 主要實驗試劑與儀器 10
     2.2 主要實驗步驟 11
     2.3 產品特性的檢測 12
     2.4 本章小結 14
3. 結果與討論 15
 3.1 不同反應條件對脫鈣的影響    15
     3.2 不同反應條件對蠅蛹脫脂的影響 17
     3.3 不同方法對脫色素的效果 19
     3.4 不同反應條件對脫乙酰效果的影響 20
     3.5 幾丁質的紅外光譜圖 22
     3.6 本章小結 22
總結與展望 23
致謝 24
參考文獻 25

摘要：利用蠅蛆殼作原料提取幾丁質和制備殼聚糖的方法及工藝進行初步探索。用標準篩分離收集蠅蛹，并用清洗、脫鈣、脫脂、漂白、脫乙酰基、干燥的方法初步提取了幾丁質和制備殼聚糖。確定最佳的工藝條件為：蠅蛆殼：鹽酸(5%)=1g：10ml，在室溫下浸泡、攪拌反應4h即可脫鈣；另在室溫下，先用質量分數2%NaOH與樣品反應4h后，過濾，再用質量分數10%NaOH于沸水中與樣品反應4h，可有效去除蛆殼中的蛋白；比較脫色劑脫色效果，最佳脫色試劑為H2O2；采用質量分數為40%的NaOH，在磁力攪拌器上120℃油浴加熱，反應4h脫除乙酰基。在該條件下可得脫乙酰率較高的殼聚糖，制成的殼聚糖成品為白色。

關鍵詞：蠅蛹；幾丁質；殼聚糖；脫脂；脫色

The Study on Extraction Chitin from Fly Pupa Shell

Abstract：The method of extracting chitin and preparation chitosan from fly pupa shell was studied. The extracting steps were including breaking, screening and collecting fly pupa shell, and then washing, detaching calcium, detaching protein, decolorizing, detaching acetyl and drying. At the end, the product of chitin and chitosan was got. The optimum detaching calcium condition was: the ratio of fly pupa shell and hydrochlotic acid (5%) being 1g: 10ml, immersed and stirring 4 h under normal temperature. At the same time, the optimum detaching protein was: first, the material was reacted with 2%NaOH for 4 h under normal temperature, after filtered, reacted with 10%NaOH under hot water bath. The best reagent used to decolorize was H2O2. At last, it was reacted with 40% NaOH for 4 h under 120 degree Celsius with stirring and a white chitosan with higher acetyl-detaching degree could be got.

Keywords：Fly pupa；Chitin；Chitosan；Derosination；Decolorize