汽車追尾的安全性研究

車輛工程專業畢業論文，論文編號:JX935  論文字數:22463.頁數:40

摘     要
 隨著人類社會的不斷發展與進步,汽車的普及和應用將更加普遍和深入。隨之帶來的道路交通安全問題也已成為世界性的大問題。本文即從車輛的安全功能開始闡述，將汽車的安全評定分為三類，即主動安全、被動安全、行人保護，現今各廠商對主被動安全都投入了大量的人力和財力，通過各項技術革新來完善車輛的安全狀況；其次本文將車輛的碰撞類型分為三類，即正面碰撞、側面碰撞和偏置碰撞，從這三個碰撞來研究車輛的損傷情況與人體（假人）的損傷部位，歐洲的Euro-cap和中國的C-NCAP都會從這三方面對車輛的安全進行綜合評定并設定星級；然后根據現實情況，結合交通部門提供的一定數據選擇了一種較為常見的碰撞形式和較容易的損傷部位，即車輛的追尾（后碰撞）和頸部損傷進行研究，探尋其損傷機理及其保護辦法；接著從車身構造上對車輛安全進行了探討，通過對吸能式車身的剖析，闡明現今吸能式車身相比高強度、高硬度車身逐漸受到歡迎的原因，還通過對承載式車身與非承載式車身的比較，說明其各自的優缺點和其各自的碰撞過程中所受到的力的簡單分析，指出承載式車身被大量應用的主要原因；最后本文對車輛的安全進行了文章的總結和將來的展望，相信隨著科技的不斷進步，各項新技術的不斷開發，越來越多的安全裝備會應用的車輛上。
關鍵詞：汽車安全  追尾  損傷機理  防護

Abstract
 The automobile have already infiltrated the national defense construction, the national economy as well as human lives, which have become human’s essential and main transportation vehicle and played an important role in the human society's development and progress. This article formulate from the security functions of vehicles and divide the vehicle's safety assessment into three categories, namely, active safety, passive safety, pedestrian protection, the manufacturers of today's active and passive safety have put a lot of human and financial resources, through a broad range of technological innovations to improve the security situation in the vehicle; This article will divided vehicles type of collision into three categories, namely, frontal impact, side impact and offset collisions, From the three vehicle collision injury to study the situation with the human body (dummy) the injury site, the European and Euro-cap of the C-NCAP China will face the three vehicles from a comprehensive assessment of security and set the stars; In this paper, based on the actual situation and then, combined with traffic departments to provide certain data to choose a more common form of the collision and the damage sites more easily, that is, a vehicle collision and neck injury after a study to explore the mechanism of their injury and its protection ; then this article from the body structure of vehicle safety is discussed, the energy absorption by the body-type analysis, interpretation out the current body style compared to the energy absorption, high strength, high hardness of the body welcomed the reasons for the gradual, through the vehicle carrying the body of non-load-style-type comparison of the body to illustrate their respective advantages and disadvantages, and their respective collision course by simple power analysis, pointed out that the body-type carrying a large number of applications was the main reason; Finally, the safety of vehicles carried out a summary of the article and future prospects, I believe that as technology advances, the continuous development of new technologies.
Key words: vehicle safety  vehicle rear collision  mechanism  protection

目   錄
摘   要 I
Abstract II
目   錄 III
第一章  緒論 1
1.1  本課題的研究背景 1
1.2  本課題的研究目的與意義 1
1.3  本課題的研究背景 1
第二章  汽車安全系統概述和碰撞類型 3
2.1  汽車安全系統概述 3
2.2  安全系統的類型及其評價 5
2.2.1  主動安全 5
2.2.2  被動安全 8
2.2.3  行人保護 11
2.3  汽車碰撞的類型 11
2.3.1  正面碰撞 11
2.3.2  側面碰撞 12
2.3.3  偏置碰撞 14
2.4  本章小結 14
第三章   汽車追尾時的乘員損傷成因分析及防護 15
3.1  汽車追尾時對乘員的損傷狀況 15
3.2  頸部損傷的臨床觀察 16
3.3  頸部損傷流行病學特征 17
3.4  損傷機理的研究 18
3.5  座椅系統對頸部損傷的防護 19
3.6  城市道路防范汽車追尾的有效措施 20
3.7  高速公路預防追尾辦法 24
3.8  本章小結 27
第四章   汽車車身結構對車輛碰撞的影響 28
4.1  吸能式車身對車輛碰撞的影響 28
4.2  承載式車身與非承載式車身對車輛碰撞的影響 29
4.3  本章小結 32
第五章   總結與展望 33
5.1  總結 33
5.2  展望 33
致    謝 35
參考文獻 36