數字式直流電機的調速設計

機械設計制造及其自動化論文，論文編號:JX1064  論文字數:17039.頁數:42

摘     要
 電機控制向數字化和集成化發展，直流電機系統的全數字控制是一個重要發展方向，在國內的電機控制器應用領域雖然以感應電機為主體、模擬器件實現的電機控制器仍占主導地位，但是直流電機系統的優越性早已經被認可，伴隨著永磁材料的成本不斷降低、微處理器性能不斷提高、價格不斷下降，全數字控制的直流電機系統的應用時機已經十分成熟。
 本文簡述了直流電機的調速原理，并提出了一種以80C196KC為控制核心的直流電機數字控制調速系統。簡述了系統的總體結構，并對系統的各個功能模塊的設計思想和實現方案作了詳細介紹。從直流調速系統原理出發，逐步建立了雙閉環直流調速系統的數學模型，并對比典型低階系統求出了電流控制器與轉速控制器的參數，然后再在微機控制方面討論了數字觸發、數字測速、轉速與電流控制器的原理并給出了軟、硬件實現方案。
 以80C196KC系列單片機為控制核心的交流電機調速系統比一般的調速系統相比具有很大優勢。由于速度給定和測速采用數字化，能夠在很寬的范圍內高精度測速，所以擴大了調速范圍，提高了速度控制的精度；由于硬件高度集中化，所以零部件的數量和觸點大大的減少了。很多功能都可以通過程序來完成。使得硬件得以簡化，故障比一般的調速系統要少的多。80C196KC單片機以數字信號工作，控制靈活，抗干擾能力大大加強。
關鍵詞：模糊PID控制  直流電動機  調速  電磁兼容性

Abstract
 Motor controller is on the way of digital and integration. In the country, outdated motor controllers made of analog circuit are prevailing in our family life. In one hand the advantages of BLDCM system have been recognized, in the other hand the price of permanent magnet material and microprocessor have sharply declined.. Thus it is a great opportunity to develop digital BLDCM control system.
 The principle of speed control system for DC motor is briefed Full digital. speed control system for DC motor, which consists of 80C196KC single-chip processor, is presented. System configuration is briefed, The design rules and realization schemes of each functional module are described in detail. Beginning with the theory of the DC timing system and by contrasting it with the low exponent typical system it presents the parameters of the current/velocity controller , then in the aspect of microcomputer control, it has discussed the principle of number touch off、number velocity testing 、current/velocity controller and presents the hardware scheme to achieve it.
 To MCS-controlled core of the AC motor speed control system than the general speed of the system has great advantages. Due to the fixed rate and the number of guns used to a very wide scope precision gun, the governor expanded the scope improve the speed control accuracy; As hardware highly concentrated, and the number of spare parts Contact greatly reduced. Many functions can be passed to complete. Made to simplify the hardware fault than most of the control system much less. 80C196KC SCM to digital signals, flexible control, anti-jamming capability has been greatly enhanced.
Keyword：Fuzzy PID control；DC motor ； Speed EMC

目錄

摘     要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
第一章   緒論 1
1.1  電氣傳動的發展概況 1
1.2  數字式直流電機調速系統的發展概況 2
1.3  本論文的主要研究內容 3
第二章  數字式直流電機調速系統的設計 4
2.1  數字式直流電機調速系統的工作原理圖 4
2.2  控制系統的硬件設計 4
2.2.1  80C196KC單片機 5
2.2.2  觸發脈沖輸出電路 7
2.2.4  顯示電路 9
2.2.5  信號反饋電路 10
2.3  數字式直流電機調速系統的軟件設計 11
2.3.1  光電編碼器測速的軟件設計 11
2.3.2  顯示模塊的軟件設計 16
2.3.3  觸發脈沖的軟件設計 16
2.3.4  主程序的設計 18
第三章 數字式直流電機調速系統的模糊PID控制 20
3.1  PID控制原理 20
3.2  位置式PID控制算法 22
3.3  調速系統的PID參數整定和模糊PID控制 23
3.3.1  直流電機的數學模型的建立 24
3.3.2  比例、積分系數初值的確定 25
3.3.3  采樣周期T的選定 26
3.3.4  模糊PID調速系統 26
第四章   抗干擾源的措施 32
4.1電磁干擾源及其危害性分析 32
4.1.1  電磁干擾源 32
4.1.2  電磁干擾對調速系統的危害性 33
4.2  電磁兼容性設計 34
4.2.1  抑制電磁干擾的原則 34
4.2.2  抗電磁干擾的硬件措施 34
第五章  結論 36
致謝 37
參考文獻 37