V帶測長磨削機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化論文，論文編號:JX1103  論文字?jǐn)?shù):15390.頁數(shù):48

摘  要
 帶傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、制造方便、傳動(dòng)平穩(wěn)、價(jià)格低廉、能緩沖吸震，在近代機(jī)械中應(yīng)用廣泛。在實(shí)際使用中v帶各項(xiàng)尺寸精確與否，對其實(shí)用性能及壽命有很大影響。尤其是當(dāng)V帶在配組使用時(shí),為使同時(shí)使用的一組V帶長度一致，每條V帶的長度必須控制在一個(gè)比較小的誤差范圍內(nèi)。隨著V帶使用廠家對V帶配組要求的不斷提高，目前許多中小型廠家的簡易型V帶磨削機(jī)在生產(chǎn)方式及生產(chǎn)效率上已顯得落后，難以保證V帶尺寸的精度，而如果磨削后再采用專用的測長機(jī)進(jìn)行配組，不僅因增加測長工序費(fèi)工費(fèi)時(shí)增加成本，而且當(dāng)長度不能滿足要求時(shí)還要返回重新進(jìn)行磨削。在這種需求背景下，研制一種新型的能在線測長的V帶長磨削機(jī)定會(huì)有很好的應(yīng)用前景。
 本論文介紹了該種V帶測長磨削機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)過程。該種V帶磨削機(jī)應(yīng)當(dāng)具有以下主要特點(diǎn)：（1）能在線檢測V帶長度，測長精度應(yīng)達(dá)到；（2）可靠性高，能24小時(shí)連續(xù)磨削而不出故障；（3）除上、下帶采用人工外，其余磨帶過程全自動(dòng)控制；（4）具有獨(dú)立的測長功能（其功能與專用的V帶測長機(jī)相似）。根據(jù)上述的功能要求，本文作者在查閱了許多相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料并分析比較了國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)有測長打磨機(jī)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)上，確定了控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方案并進(jìn)行了軟件設(shè)計(jì)。該磨削機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)以AT89S51單片機(jī)為控制核心，三菱觸摸屏為人機(jī)界面，軟件設(shè)計(jì)采用模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)和C語言與匯編語言進(jìn)行混合編程。
 本論文共分六章。第一章是緒論，主要介紹了V帶測長打磨機(jī)的國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀并分析了對該種設(shè)備需求的發(fā)展趨勢，明確了本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容的工程應(yīng)用背景。
 第二章的主要內(nèi)容是對磨削機(jī)的系統(tǒng)功能要求進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析，其中包括磨削（正磨與反磨）、測量（最大偏差、最小偏差和平均值）、在線測長、定長、傳感器零位校正等。此外，第二章中還對V帶測長磨削機(jī)的整機(jī)及硬件結(jié)構(gòu)如控制面板、張緊從動(dòng)輪部分、壓輪部分、磨輪部分及張緊主動(dòng)輪部分等進(jìn)行了介紹，并分析了它們對V帶磨削過程可能產(chǎn)生的影響。
 第三章介紹了該磨削機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)硬件組成，包括以單片機(jī)為核心的主控板部分、觸摸屏、電動(dòng)機(jī)及傳感器等，并通過系統(tǒng)的硬件組成框圖說明了它們之間的聯(lián)系。
 接下來的第四章是本論文的重點(diǎn)，該章對該V帶測長磨削機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的軟件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，包括控制程序的主程序、部分的子程序、通信程序與觸摸屏程序等設(shè)計(jì)。主要的子程序有：回零函數(shù)、定長函數(shù)、測量函數(shù)、正磨函數(shù)、反磨函數(shù)、復(fù)位函數(shù)等。通信程序是關(guān)于單片機(jī)與觸摸屏之間通信的程序。
 最后一章是結(jié)束語，對本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)課題的完成情況及主要的收獲進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。

關(guān)鍵詞：測長  磨削  自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)  串口通信

abstract
 V Belt convey is simple structure, easy fabrication, smooth convey, low price, and can absorb shock buffering and widely used in modern machinery. In the actual use, the precision of v belt size has a great influence on the performance and life. Especially when the V belt taking length for a set of V-belt which makes to use in the meantime consistently, each V-belt takes of the length have to control in a smaller error margin scope. With the V belt use of V belt factory to improve the group with many small and medium-sized factory, the simple type V belt grinding machine in the mode of production and production efficiency is backward, to ensure the accuracy and size of V belt grinding and if the measured by special group, not only are command airplane for increasing length measurement process FeiGong time-consuming, but also increase the cost cannot satisfy the requirements when length to return to grinding process. In this background, development needs a new can online long V belt grinding machine will grow good application prospects.
 This paper introduces the V belt length measurement and control system of the grinding machine design process. The V belt grinding machine should have the main features: (1) measure V belt length on-line, length measurement accuracy should achieve, (2) high reliability, 24 hours of continuous grinding without a fault, (3), except with artificial, the process of automatic control with grinding, (4) has the independent length measurement function (its function and special measure of V belt. Command airplane similar According to the requirements of function, the author in the relevant documents and many existing analyses and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the burnish machine length measurement based on the control system, the design scheme and the software design. The grinding machine control system use AT89S51 as control core, use mitsubishi touch screen as man-machine interface and the design of the software use the modularized structure and C language program.
 This paper has six chapters. The first chapter is introduction, mainly introduced the V belt length measurement grinding machine is analyzed and the status of the equipment and clear the development trend of the demand for the graduation design content of engineering application background.
 The second chapter to the main content is the system function requirement of grinding machine are analyzed in detail, including grinding mill and the mill (are), measurement (maximum deviation, minimum deviation and average), online long, long, sensor zero adjustment, etc. In addition, the second chapter of V belt grinding machine of the length measurement and control panel, such as the hardware structure of a pulley, pressure roller, grinding wheel and the tensioner active part etc. Were introduced, and the analysis of V belt grinding process may influence.
 The third chapter of the grinding machine control system hardware, including based on singlechip control board, touch screen, motor and sensor etc, and through the system hardware diagram illustrates the relationship between them.
 The fourth chapter of this paper is to the key, this chapter V belt length measurement and control system of the grinding machine software design, including the control program of the main program, part of the procedure, the communication program and touch screen design procedure. The main subroutine: return zero functions, function, measuring functions, function, grinding mill function and reset function etc. Communication program MCU and touch screen is the communications between the program.
 The last chapter was closing on the graduation design, the main task completion and harvest are summarized. 
Keywords: Length measurement；Grinding；Automatic control system；Serial communication

目  錄
摘  要 I
abstract III
第1章  緒  論 1
1.1  引言 1
1.2  國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢 1
第2章  V帶測長磨削機(jī)系統(tǒng)分析和方案設(shè)計(jì) 3
2.1  系統(tǒng)功能分析 3
2.2  系統(tǒng)總體方案設(shè)計(jì) 3
2.3  本章小結(jié) 5
第3章  V帶測長磨削機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)硬件組成 6
3.1  系統(tǒng)基本配置 6
3.1.1 主控板 6
3.1.2 傳感器 7
3.1.3 觸摸屏 8
3.1.4 電動(dòng)機(jī) 8
3.2  操作面板界面設(shè)計(jì) 10
3.3  本章小結(jié) 11
第4章  V帶測長磨削機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 13
4.1  主程序結(jié)構(gòu) 13
4.2  部分子程序功能及其流程圖 15
4.2.1 初始化函數(shù) 15
4.2.2 回零函數(shù) 16
4.2.3 定長函數(shù) 18
4.2.4 測量函數(shù) 21
4.2.5 正磨函數(shù) 23
4.2.6 反磨函數(shù) 24
4.2.7 復(fù)位函數(shù) 25
4.3  單片機(jī)與觸摸屏通信程序設(shè)計(jì) 26
4.3.1 通信協(xié)議 26
4.3.2 通信函數(shù)設(shè)計(jì) 28
4.4  本章小結(jié) 35
第五章  軟件調(diào)試環(huán)境及調(diào)試中所遇到的問題和解決方法 36
5.1   軟件調(diào)試環(huán)境及設(shè)置方法 36
5.2  調(diào)試中遇到的問題及解決辦法 38
第六章   結(jié)  論 40
參考文獻(xiàn) 41
致  謝 42
附錄 43