氯氣生產與儲存過程中危險性分析及其預防

論文編號:AQ004  字數:13643,頁數:23

摘要
本文在綜述氯氣的理化性質和毒理作用的基礎上，分析了氯氣生產工藝和儲存工藝及其注意事項，并對氯氣生產、儲存過程中的爆炸危險性進行了探討，分析了每個危險源的形成原因。對液氯倉儲系統中鋼瓶泄漏進行了分析，對涉及液氯鋼瓶儲存需要設置的安全設施、泄漏處理進行了歸納總結。從工藝、設備、儀表等方面簡要介紹了氯氣泄漏、氯氣系統發生爆炸的不安全因素以及防范措施，確保安全生產。著重研究了氯氣泄漏爆炸的情況。并對各個危險源提出了預防措施，簡介了氯氣泄漏的應急處理并探討了氯氣泄漏爆炸事故中的人為原因。通過液氯生產、儲運分析了各環節的事故風險環節，提出了風險防范的方向及應急處理處置的基本原則。

關鍵詞  氯氣  生產  爆炸  泄漏

Abstract
This paper reviewed the physical and chemical properties of chlorine and toxicological effects， Analysis of the chlorine production process and storage technology and its attention to matters， And chlorine production， stockpiling explosives in the process of risk were discussed， each of the reasons for the formation of dangerous source. The storage system in the cylinder of liquid chlorine leaked an analysis involving the storage of liquid chlorine cylinders need to set up the security of facilities， dealing with a leak summary. From the technology， equipment， instruments， and other aspects briefed chlorine leak， the explosion of chlorine system insecurity and preventive measures to ensure production safety. Focusing on the explosion of chlorine gas leakage. And various hazards to the preventive measures， introduction of a chlorine gas leak emergency handling of the chlorine leak and explosion accident in the man-made causes. Through the liquid chlorine production， storage and transportation of all sectors of the accident risk areas， raised the direction of risk prevention and emergency treatment and disposal of the basic principles.

Key Words  Chlorine  Production  Burst  Leakage

目錄
摘要..............................................................................1
目錄..............................................................................2
1  引言 ..........................................................................4
2  氯氣生產、儲運過程中的事故類型.................................................4
3  生產和儲存過程中發生的事故及其原因.............................................5
3.1  由于氫氣產生的爆炸...........................................................5
3.2  電解槽的爆炸危險.............................................................6
3.3  高壓輸送容易造成超溫超壓，給液氯生產帶來極大的危險性.........................6
3.4  輸送設備故障，動力電源故障使氯氣倒壓或輸不出去...............................7
3.5  三氯化氮引發爆炸.............................................................7
3.5.1  氯氣(液氯)中三氯化氮的爆炸.................................................7
3.6  工藝中存在的引爆源...........................................................9
3.7  氯氣儲存過程中的危險 ........................................................9
3.7.1  過量充裝...................................................................9
3.7.2  機械碰撞...................................................................9
3.7.3  受熱爆炸 ..................................................................10
3.7.4  氯氣泄漏爆炸事故的人為原因分析.............................................10
4  氯氣泄漏爆炸事故預防措施 ......................................................11
4.1  嚴禁超裝.....................................................................11
4.2  防腐.........................................................................11
4.2.1  濕氯防腐 ..................................................................11
4.2.2  液氯防腐...................................................................11
4.2.3  制定防腐制度...............................................................11
4.3  防碰撞 ......................................................................11
4.3.1  執行國家有關危險化學品運輸管理規定.........................................11
4.3.2  鋼瓶裝卸、搬運必須戴好瓶帽、防震圈，嚴禁摔、碰、撞 ........................11
4.3.3  液氯槽區、槽車及鋼瓶周圍禁止機械、電氣作業.................................12
4.4.1  控制NCl3生成...............................................................12
4.4.2  防止NCl3富集...............................................................12
4.4.3  控制操作規程 ..............................................................13
4.4.4  合理處理三氯化氮...........................................................13
4.4.5  消除引爆能.................................................................14
4.5  防止氫氣爆炸 ................................................................14
4.5.1  防止爆炸性混合氣體的形成...................................................14
4.5.2  防止有機物爆炸.............................................................14
4.5.3  控制受熱 ..................................................................14
5  廠房防護措施...................................................................14
5.1  對廠房的要求 ................................................................14
5.2  工廠位置.....................................................................15
6  其他防護要求 ..................................................................15
6.1  防護設備 ....................................................................15
6.2  對工藝的要求 ................................................................15
6.4 氯氣罐裝要求..................................................................16
6.4.1  貯罐的位置.................................................................18
6.4.2  控制擴散...................................................................18
7  緊急情況時的處理程序...........................................................18
結論..............................................................................20

致謝..............................................................................21

參考文獻..........................................................................22