說明:本格式參閱中山大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院英語專業(yè)論文寫作格式要求,依據(jù)MLA、CMS 和《外語教學(xué)與研究》的格式,部分例子源于其他學(xué)術(shù)刊物。
References for this format: MLA, CMS, Foreign Language Teaching and Research and other journals.
I.注釋End-notes and In-text Citations
英語專業(yè)學(xué)生學(xué)位論文的注采用尾注和夾注,不采用腳注。
End –notes (rather than foot-notes) and in-text citations are used in BA/MA degree theses.
1.尾注End-notes
在正文需注釋處的右上方按順序加注數(shù)碼①②③……,在全文之后寫注文,每條加對應(yīng)數(shù)碼,回行時(shí)與上一行注文對齊。
Use numbered End-notes at the end of the thesis to indicate the authority of stated opinions, facts, or exact quotations.
2.夾注 In-text Citations
某些引文和/或所依據(jù)的文獻(xiàn)無需詳細(xì)注釋者,以夾注的形式隨文在括弧內(nèi)注明。
The citations are placed in parentheses ( ) within the text.
A.來自專著的直接引語,作者姓名在文中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn) Direct quotation from a book, author’s NAME IN TEXT
格式: 出版年份:頁碼
format: Year: page number (s)
Examples:
Hasan 認(rèn)為主語“是從語篇的具體特征中分離出來的。它是語篇目的之所在。就特質(zhì)而言,它近乎一種概括”(1989:97)。
Rees said, “As key aspects of learning are not stable, but changeable, this opens the way for the role of the teacher as the pre-eminent mediator in the process” (1986: 241).
B.來自專著的直接引語,作者姓名在文中沒有出現(xiàn)Direct quotation from a book, author’s NAME NOT in text
格式:作者姓名,出版年份:頁碼
Format: Author’s last name, year: page number(s).
Examples:
“我們所懂得的只是實(shí)體存在的片段,可以肯定地說,一切具有重大意義的理論至多只能是部分地真實(shí),但這不應(yīng)作為放棄理論研究的借口”(Chomsky 1979: 48)。
“One reason perhaps is that the Chinese audience are more familiar with and receptive to Western culture than the average English readers is to Chinese culture” (Fung 1995: 71).
C.來自某篇文章的直接引語,作者姓名在文中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)Direct quotations from an article, author’s NAME IN TEXT
格式:發(fā)表年份
Format: Year
Examples:
王宗炎做過這樣一個(gè)比喻,“語言學(xué)是一個(gè)百貨商店,顧客們各取所需”(1993)。
Ernst Rose submits, “The highly spiritual view of the world presented in Siddartha exercised its appeal on West and East alike” (1974).
D.來自某篇文章的直接引語,作者姓名在文中沒有出現(xiàn)Direct quotations from an article, author’s NAME NOT in text
格式:作者姓名(英文只注姓)、出版年份。
Format: Author’s last name, year.
Examples:
“Everything rests on the notion that there is such a thing as ‘just’ words—but there isn’t” (Bateson 1972).
“歷史學(xué)家可能要在這里追溯語言的起源、發(fā)展和變化;哲學(xué)家可能想在這里研究認(rèn)識論問題;心理學(xué)家可能為了探索人們?nèi)绾握f出話來,如何聽懂別人的話;社會學(xué)家可能志在摸清社會組織、社會地位與語言有些什么關(guān)系”(王宗炎1993)。
E.來自專著的間接引語,作者的姓名在文中已經(jīng)提到Indirect quotations from a book, author’s NAME IN TEXT
格式:出版年份:引文頁碼。
Format: Year: page number(s).
Examples:
Levinson (1983: 35) 認(rèn)為,語用學(xué)的發(fā)展就是對Chomsky 把語言視為游離于語言使用、使用者及語言功能之外的抽象機(jī)制的反作用。
According to Alun Rees (1986: 234), the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner brings to the learning situation.
F.來自專著的間接引語,作者的姓名在文中沒有提到Indirect quotations from a book, author’s NAME NOT in text
格式:作者姓名,出版年份:引文頁碼。
Format: Author’s last name, year: page number(s).
Examples:
這個(gè)學(xué)派與美國結(jié)構(gòu)主義語言學(xué)、喬姆斯基生成語法學(xué)派、布拉格學(xué)派、丹麥的哥本哈根學(xué)派等同為20世紀(jì)語言學(xué)界最為人矚目的語言學(xué)派(見王宗炎1985:94)。
In may be true that in the appreciation of medieva l art the attitude of the observer is of primary importance (see Robertson 1985: 136).
注:如所述觀點(diǎn)可直接從原文找到,用(見王宗炎黃子1985:94);如所述觀點(diǎn)部分與原文有關(guān),用(參見王宗炎1985:94)。
Note: If the stating theory can be directly found in the original text, declare the source by (see Robertson 1987: 136); if the stating theory can only partly be found in the original text, declare the source by (c.f. Robertson 1987: 136)
G.來自文章的間接引語,作者的姓名在文中沒有提到Indirect quotations from an article, author’s NAME NOT in text
格式:作者姓名,出版年份。
Format: Author’s last name, year.