試析澶淵盟中的宋真宗

論文編號:LS170  論文字?jǐn)?shù):11830,頁數(shù):14

 試析澶淵之盟中的宋真宗
 
 摘要
 
 宋真宗是繼宋徽宗之后，最受爭議的一位宋朝皇帝。傳統(tǒng)上人們多把他與宋遼、宋夏議和的恥辱和大興土木、東封西祀的活動(dòng)聯(lián)系在一起，然而宋真宗即位之初，勵(lì)精圖治、刷新政治，兩次親臨前線，鼓舞士氣，宋軍大敗遼軍，抓住了時(shí)機(jī)適時(shí)完成了從戰(zhàn)遼到和遼的轉(zhuǎn)變，在談判中關(guān)于關(guān)南之地的強(qiáng)硬態(tài)度，使遼國有所顧忌，最終以較小的代價(jià)換取了較大的利益。從此，宋遼雙方形成共存雙和的局面達(dá)百年之久，成為中國古代史上“漢蕃和好”的佳話。宋遼雙方都為此作出了妥協(xié)和讓步，都是“屈而不辱”。這也基本上符合封建歷史時(shí)期中原王朝與游牧友邦交往的慣例，而且，盟約的簽訂順應(yīng)了歷史發(fā)展的要求，其進(jìn)步意義值得肯定。宋真宗作為這一歷史事件的關(guān)鍵人物之一，其各項(xiàng)舉措大致不錯(cuò)，尚不失為審時(shí)度勢、運(yùn)籌帷幄的君主。
 
關(guān)鍵詞：宋真宗  勵(lì)精圖治  刷新政治  澶淵之盟  運(yùn)籌帷幄
Ananlyzing Song Zhenzong in the Chanyuan Treaty of Alliance

Abstract：Song Zhenzong was a disputed emperor of Song Dynasty after Song Huizong.In tradition , it,s said that Song Zhenzong was link with the treaty of Song and Liao , the treaty of Song and Xia , and was link with a large scale of construction and offering sacrifice to gods or ancestors . However , he was hardworking and do something when he became a emperor . He attacked personally twice on his own to encourage soldier to fight for their home. In the end , the solider of Song won the war .By taking advantage of the battle at Chanyuan , Song Zhenzong seized the turning point from being at war with the Liao Dynasty to making a compromise with the Liao Dynasty . Liao Dynasty was fraid that the uncompromising behaviour of Song Dynasty on the region of Guannan . Finally , Song Dynasty exchanged smaller cost for larger benefit . Thus , both the two parties were in peaceful coexistence with each other for a long period of one thousand years .The fact that Han reconciled with Fan was well known far and wide in the ancient history . Of course , both of them made some compromises and concessions , and although they did not bring humiliation upon each other . Song Dynasty, s compromise is in accordance with the communication conventions between Central Plains dynasties and nomad  kingdoms in feudal times . moreover , the treaty-making meets the demand of historical development and thus has progressive significance . As one of the critical fingures of this historical event , Song Zhenzong took aseries of considerably effective measures in the first year of Jing De . So he was a monarch of courage and insight , of resource and astuteness , and of achievement as well .

 Key words: Song Zhenzong  Hardworking  Reform  Chanyuan Treaty of Alliance Courage and Insight
                                   

目錄

引言………………………………………………………………………………1
文獻(xiàn)綜述…………………………………………………………………………1
研究方法…………………………………………………………………………2
討論與分析………………………………………………………………………2
一、宋真宗即位之前的宋遼關(guān)系………………………………………………3
1.宋太祖“先南后北”政策的實(shí)施……………………………………………3
2.宋太宗兩次北伐失敗，確定被動(dòng)防守的御遼政策…………………………4
二、宋真宗即位后北宋內(nèi)外政策的調(diào)整………………………………………6
1.宋真宗對內(nèi)政策的調(diào)整 …… ………………………………………………6
(1)宋真宗努力刷新政治，事必躬親 …………………………………………6
(2)減免賦稅，減免勞役，勸課農(nóng)桑 …………………………………………6
2.宋真宗通觀全局后確定“和遼”政策………………………………………7
(1)分析形勢、確定“和遼”方針 ……………………………………………7
(2)“和遼”政策的確定和澶淵之盟的簽定 …………………………………8
三、宋真宗在處理對遼關(guān)系中的表現(xiàn)  ………………………………………12
結(jié)論  ……………………………………………………………………………13
參考文獻(xiàn)  ………………………………………………………………………14