鑄造車間負壓除塵系統的設計

論文編號:JX1568  論文字數:18958.頁數:41 附任務書，開題報告，外文翻譯,CAD圖

 鑄造車間負壓除塵系統的設計
 
摘要：
 粉塵是人類健康的大敵，因為它帶著許多細菌病毒和蟲卵到處飛揚，傳播疾病。. 工業粉塵、纖塵能使工人患上各種難以治愈的職業病，過多的灰塵還會造成環境污染，影響人們的正常生活和工作，誘發人類呼吸道疾病等等。除塵器是在車間必不可少。
 利用旋轉的含塵氣體所產生的離心力，將粉塵從空氣中分離出來的一種干式凈化設備，成為旋風除塵器。旋風除塵器應用最為廣泛，，其特點是結構簡單，除塵效率較高，操作簡單，價格低廉。旋風除塵器對于大于10μm的較粗粉塵，凈化效率很高。但對于5~10μm以下的細顆粒粉塵凈化效率較低，所以旋風除塵器多用于粗顆粒粉塵的凈化，或多用于多級凈化的初步處理。適用于鑄造車間除塵。
 負壓除塵系統中，除塵器設置在通風機之前。
 其特點： ①由于除塵器設置在通風機之前，流過通風機的氣體已經經過除塵，含塵量低。通風機受磨損大大減低，運行壽命長，處理初濃度高的含塵氣體時，一般采用負壓除塵系統。②除塵器和管道處于通風機的負壓階段，容易吸入空氣，產生漏風。負壓除塵系統的漏風率為5%~10%，加大了通風機的風量，增加了電耗。③在負壓除塵系統設計中應采用措施盡可能的減少除塵器和管道的漏風，以保證除塵器的良好運行。
 
關鍵詞： 鑄造     旋風除塵器    負壓除塵

 Dust vacuum system design
Abstract:
 Dust ,which carries lots of bacterial  virus  and ovum  flying forwarding in the air ,has become a  formidable enemy of human being ,endangering the mankind’s health , Industrial dust and fine dust cause various kinds of incurable occupational disease among workers. Also, excessive dust leads to environmental pollution, having a influence on the people’s daily lives and work, causing respiratory disease,etc. All these make the Dust collector indispensible   in the workshop.
 By using the cyclone dust rotating centrifugal force generated by gas, the dust is separated from the flow of a dry gas - solid separation device, which forms the Cyclone Dust Collector. The Cyclone Dust Collector is widely used, which featured in it’s simple structure, effectiveness in dust removal, simple operation, and low cost. Cyclone Dust Collector is efficient for the capture, separation of more than 5 ~ 10μm dust. But as to the dust under 5-10μm ,it performs less effectively. Therefore, the Cyclone Dust Collector is mostly used in the casting workshop, purifying the coarse particle dust or becomes the primary treatment of multistage purification.
   In the negative pressure dust pelletizing system ,removal equipment was set in front of the ventilator .it’s characteristics are as follows : 1.Because the removal equipment was set in front of the ventilator ,the gas passing through the ventilator has been removed ,therefore, the dustiness index is low 2.The dust collector and the pipeline situated in the negative pressure section ,which is easy to  snifting the air ,leads to air leak .the air leak ratio of dust vacuum system is 5% to 10% ,increasing the air quantity of ventilator ,which leads to the electricity cost. 3. should be reduced in the dust collector and pipeline as much as possible In designing the dust vacuum system. 
 Key words: Casting, Cyclone Dust Collector, vacuum dust removal 目   錄
1  緒  論
1.1鑄造車間的污染及其除塵狀況的概述......... ......... ......... ... 1
1.1.1中國鑄造業現狀及鑄造車間污染..................................1
1.1.2研究目的和意義........................ .......................1
1.1.3 除塵的目的...................................................2
1.1.4鑄造車間組成..................................................2
1.2工業生產中的除塵設備............................................3
1.2.1除塵系統的組成................................................3
1.2.2除塵設備在鑄造車間生產中的應用................................3
1.2.3鑄造車間中除塵設備運行現狀 ...................................3
1.3除塵設備的選擇..................................................4
1.3.1除塵系統分類及特點............................................4
1.3.2原始資料(數據)及設計技術要求.................................. 4
1.4旋風除塵器概述..................................................4
1.5旋風除塵器的優缺點..............................................5
1.5.1旋風除塵器的優點..............................................5
1.5.2旋風除塵器的缺點..............................................5
 
2   旋風除塵器的設計
2.1旋風除塵器的結構和工作原理......................................5
2.2旋風除塵器的性能及影響因素......................................6
2.2.1旋風除塵器的性能指標..........................................6
2..2.2影響旋風除塵器性能的主要因素................................9

3  除塵器結構設計計算
 3.1選擇旋風除塵器的型式..........................................18
3.1.1旋風除塵器的分類............................................18
3.1.2旋風除塵器的選用............................................19
3.2選擇旋風除塵器的入口風速......................................20
3.3計算入口面積Fj、入口高度a和寬度b.............................20
3.4計算進口過渡管的尺寸...........................................21
3.5計算風量匯集箱的尺寸...........................................23
3.6 計算出口過渡管的尺寸..........................................23
3.7 計算灰斗的尺寸................................................24
3.8旋風除塵器單體左外筒鋼板展開尺寸...............................25
3.9 關風器的選擇..................................................25
3.10 風機的選擇...................................................27

4除塵器壓力損失ΔP和除塵效率η的計算
4.1壓力損失ΔP的計算................................ ......... ... 27
4.2除塵效率η的計算.................................. ......... ...29

5  吸塵罩的設計
5.1吸塵罩的選擇.............................. ...... ........36
5.2吸塵罩的計算....................................... . ...37

6  除塵器的安裝使用及維護管理
6.1除塵器使用注意事項..................... ..... ..... ............37
6.2除塵器的運行....................................... ..... ......37
6.3除塵器的維護..................................... ..... ........38
總結............ ............ ............ ............ ............39
參考文獻.............................................. ..... ......40
致謝................ ................ ................ .............41