72萬噸年苯乙烯裝置合成工段工藝設計

論文編號:HG314   論文字數:17494

摘要
 本設計是以年產72萬噸苯乙烯為生產目標,采用苯烷基化生成乙苯后催化脫氫制得苯乙烯的工藝方法。制取乙苯裝置工藝流程主要分為烷基化和精餾兩個階段和苯乙烯典型裝置工藝流程主要分為脫氫和精餾兩個工段，脫氫工段由乙苯蒸發、脫氫反應、工藝凝液處理及汽提尾氣壓縮吸收三部分組成：精餾工段由乙苯一苯乙烯分離、苯乙烯精餾、乙苯回收、苯、甲苯分離四個部分組成。本設計中的苯乙烯精餾單元采用順序分離工藝，即粗苯乙烯液先經苯、甲苯塔，將苯、甲苯等輕組分和乙苯、苯乙烯進行分離。根據相關設計要求對整個生產工段進行科學的工藝設計和設備選型。本文主要針對精餾單元的工藝流程進行物料衡算，熱量衡算，計算最小回流比和適宜回流比等來確定實際塔板板數和實際進料位置。通過對乙苯-苯乙烯精餾塔的塔徑、塔高、塔頂冷凝器、塔釜再沸器等附屬設備及相關管件進行尺寸計算及選型。
關鍵詞：苯乙烯 精餾 順序分離 工藝設計

Abstract
 This design is take yearly produces 740,000 tons styrene as the production goal, after uses the benzene alkylate production ethyl benzene to catalyte the dehydrogenationsystem to result in the styrene the technique.The system takes the ethyl benzene installment technical process mainly to divide into the alkylate and the selective evaporation two stages and the styrene model installment technical process mainly divides into the dehydrogenation and the selective evaporation two construction sections.dehydrogenation section consists of three parts, including ethyl-benzene dehydrogenation reaction:craft, evaporate steam condensate liquids treatment and tail gas compression titus absorption. Distillation sections is made up of four parts, ethyl benzene a styrene separation, syrene distillation, ethylbenzene recovery, benzene, toluene separation. This design of styrene distillation unit adopts sequence separation process, namely coarse styrene fluid first flowing to benzene, toluene tower, then separate light component benzene, toluene, etc and separation ethylbenzene and styrene. According to relevant design requirements for the whole production section process design and selection of equipment scientifically. This article mainly aims at the process of distillation unit materials calculation, heat calculation, to calculate the minimum reflux ratio and appropriate reflux ratio etc to determine the actual tower number plates and actually feeding position. Through the column of ethyl-benzene - styrene, tower diameter and high tower, column top condenser, transformation reboiler tower kettle such ancillary equipment and related fitting for size calculation and selection.
Key words:Styrene distillation  progressive separation  process design

目  錄
摘要 III
Abstract IV
1 緒論 1
1.1 苯乙烯介紹 1
1.2 苯乙烯的性質及應用 1
2.苯乙烯的市場分析 3
2.1 市場概況 3
2.2 國外市場分析 3
2.3 國內市場分析 3
2.4 價格競爭力分析 4
2.5 市場預測 4
3 生產流程的選擇 6
3.1 主要生產工藝 6
3.2 國內外大型企業采用的生產工藝 6
4 工藝流程設計 8
4.1 反應工藝 8
4.2 分離工藝 13
4.3 工藝流程簡圖 15
4.4 工藝流程敘述 15
5 物料衡算和熱量衡算 17
5.1 全車間的物料衡算 17
5.2 全流程熱量衡算 32
5.3  氣液負荷計算 33
5.4  乙苯精餾塔的塔徑計算 35
5.5  總塔高的計算 36
6 泵的選擇 38
6.1泵的設計與選型 38
6.1.1  進料泵的選取 38
6.2 換熱器的計算與選型 40
7. 自動控制與優化 42
7.1 主要設備的自動控制與優化 42
8. 公用工程 45
8.1 電氣 45
8.2 給排水 45
9  安全防護與環境保護 46
9.1  安全標準 46
9.3  綜合利用及三廢處理 46
10  廠區布置 47
10.1 廠區劃分 47
10.2 生產區 47
11 概預算 48
11.1 生產成本估算 48
12  現存問題 49
符號說明 50
結束語 52
參考文獻 53