老年糖尿病人營養攝入狀況研究

論文編號:HL225 論文字數:12647,頁數:25

論文題目：老年糖尿病人營養攝入狀況研究
摘　要
 目的：調查了老年糖尿病病人的膳食攝入狀況，并分析了與之有關的因素，篩選出和飲食行為最相關的因子進而為加強科學飲食指導提供依據及有效性。為教育者對病人采取有效的指導措施，促進病人良好的飲食行為及健康飲食習慣的養成提供依據。讓病人逐漸認識到自己對糖尿病的發展可以有一定的控制力，可自覺改善飲食習慣。
 方法：2009年8-11月在我院門診就診的所有符合納入標準和排除標準的病人205例。通過人口學情況調查表、飲食攝入量表、各類食物的推薦攝入量、飲食行為相關的心理變量表、各種營養素的含量測定方法對糖尿病患者的膳食情況等進行探討。
 結果：
 1．糖尿病人日總熱能控制不理想、膳食不平衡;
 2．糖尿病人普遍存在不良飲食習慣;
 3．因在職、外出就餐、忙碌的生活方式、情緒低落等社會心理因素，常常影響病人的飲食行為，造成病人攝入過多或攝入不平衡。
 4．糖尿病人普遍存在血清鉻、硒及維生素E、維生素C、維生素B6缺乏的情況；與病程、血糖控制滿意度、并發癥無相關。在飲食教育中應告知病人適當攝入粗糧、富含微量元素的食物，避免煎炸烹調方式以減少微量營養素的丟失。
 結論: 通過對老年糖尿病人營養攝入情況的調查,為老年糖尿病患者的營養攝入提供幫助,提示在飲食指導中應為病人制訂個體化的飲食處方并教會病人正確選擇食物;在飲食指導中應幫助病人建立良好的飲食習慣，減少鹽、脂肪的攝入;及時發現影響病人飲食行為的心理社會問題，幫助病人制訂解決問題的方法及行為改變的目標，取得家人的支持，使病人養成良好的飲食行為。
 關鍵詞:糖尿病；飲食；營養
 
Title: Research to improve nursing intervention elderly people with diabetes nutritional intake effect
ABSTRACT
Objective
 Survey of the elder diabetes patients in dietary intake, and analyzes the factors related, and eating behavior were the most relevant factors in order to strengthen the guidance and diet provides the basis and effectiveness. For educators on patients to take effective measures to promote the guidance of patient good eating behavior and healthy eating habits form provides the basis. Let patients gradually realize oneself to the development of diabetes can have certain control, can consciously improve diet．
Methods
 During August to November, 2009 in our hospital outpatient clinic of all conform to standards and ruled out the standard in 205 patients. Through the demographic information form and dietary intake of of all kinds of food scale, recommended intake, eating behavior related to the psychological variables, all kinds of nutrients in the determination method for people with diabetes diet, etc are discussed．
Results&Conclusion
 1．Outpatients with diabetes shows apoor control of the total calories intake， point out that the educator must formulation of individual patient prescription and diet to choose the right food teaches patients．in diet guide．
 2．Outpatients diabetes shows widespread unhealthy eating habits．In the diet should be established to help patients in the guidance of dietary habits,reducing salt and fat intake．
 3．Because of on-the-job，dine out,busy lifestyle，depressed and social psychological factors，the patient often influence diet behaviors,patient excessive intake or intake imbalance．In dietary guide is the key that affect patients psychological and social problem eating behavior,helping patients formulate methods to solve the problems and the behavior change target the support of your family,make patient develop good eating behavior．
 5．Outpatients witll type 2 diabetes widespread serum chromium,selenium and vitamin E，vitamin C，vitamin B6，lack of the situation,The course，and without blood glucose control satisfaction,complications．Education should be informed in food grains，rich in patients with appropriate intake of tmco elements，avoid Fried food，cooking methods to reduce the loss of micronutrients．

Key words：diabetes； diet ；nutriente
 
目  錄
 
1 緒論 1
1.1 背景及意義 1
1.2目的………………………………………………………………………………….2
1.3關鍵詞及定義……………………………………………………………………….2
1.4文獻回顧…………………………………………………………………………….3
2 研究設計 4
2.1研究設計 5
2.2研究對象 5
2.3研究工具 5
2.4研究步驟 5
2.5統計分析 6
3 研究結果 7
3．1人口學情況 7
3．2日總熱量控制情況 7
3．3糖尿病患者各類食物每日人均攝入量情況 7
3．4糖尿病患者各類食物每日人均攝入量情況 8
3．5血清營養素含量與相關因素分析 9
4 討論 10
4．1 糖尿病病人日總量攝入不理想 10
4．2 影響糖尿病病人飲食行為相關因素分析 10
4．3 糖尿病人膳食結構不合理 11
5 推論及建議 12
5．1 結論 12
5．3 本研究局限性及展望 12
致    謝 13
參考文獻 14