基于PLC的搖臂鉆床電氣控制系統的設計

論文編號:ZD1449  論文字數:11391,頁數:29

關于PLC在搖臂鉆床的應用
摘  要

 本論文是研究機械加工中常用的搖臂鉆床傳統電氣控制系統的改造問題,旨在解決傳統繼電器—接觸器電氣控制系統存在的線路復雜、可靠性穩定性差、故障診斷和排除困難等難題。由于PLC電氣控制系統與繼電器—接觸器電氣控制系統相比，具有結構簡單，編程方便，調試周期短，可靠性高，抗干擾能力強，故障率低，對工作環境要求低等一系列優點。因此，本論文對搖臂鉆床電氣控制系統的改造，將把PLC控制技術應用到改造方案中去，從而大大提高搖臂鉆床的工作性能。論文分析了搖臂鉆床的控制原理，制定了可編程控制器改造搖臂鉆床電氣控制系統的設計方案，完成了電氣控制系統硬件和軟件的設計，其中包括PLC機型的選擇、I/O端口的分配、I/O硬件接線圖的繪制、PLC梯形圖程序的設計。對PLC控制搖臂鉆床的工作過程作了詳細闡述，論述了采用PLC取代傳統繼電器—接觸器電氣控制系統從而提高機床工作性能的方法，給出了相應的控制原理圖。
 
關鍵詞：可編程控制器，搖臂鉆床，梯形圖，電氣控制系統

With regard to the application of PLC in the radial drilling machine

Abstract

 This paper is to studies the machine process in common use  in inside radial drilling machine electric control system improves problem. The aim is solving device complexity, inferior reliability and stability, malfunction analysis and trouble obviation of the traditional relay electric control system. Because of electric control system PLC there are lots of advantages which include design, install, connect the line and adjust to try workload small, the period of research and manufacture is short, reliability is high, the ability of Anti- interference is very strong, the rate of break down is low, the demand of work environment is low, maintenance convenience a series of advantage etc. Therefore, a work for to the  radial drilling machine electric control system reforming, will reforming PLC control technique application in the project, then increasing radial drilling machine’s work function. The paper introduces to the control principle of the radial drilling machine. Established the programmable controller improve the design project of electric control system of  radial drilling machine. Completed the design of the software and hardware of the electric control system, Among them include the model of PLC choice、the I/O allotment of the address、the I/O hardware connects the line diagram、PLC trapezium diagram’s design. It explains that PLC control the work process of radial drilling machine. Discussing the adoption PLC replaces the traditional electric control system’s method and increases the work function of radial drilling machine, give a homologous control principle diagram.
 
Key words:  PLC，Radial drilling machine，Trapezium diagram，Electric Control System

目  錄

第一章 緒 論....................................................... 1
 1.1 本課題的選題背景和意義 ...................................1
 1.2 國內外關于本課題的技術研究現狀和發展動態..................1
第二章 搖臂鉆床傳統電氣控制系統的原理...............................3
 2.1主電路.....................................................3
 2.2  電氣原理圖 ..............................................4
 2.2.1 主電動機的旋轉控制......................................4
 2.2.2 搖臂的升降控制 ........................................4
 2.2.3 立柱和主軸箱的松開及夾緊控制 ..........................5
      2.3   搖臂鉆床控制系統結構圖..................................6
第三章 基于PLC的搖臂鉆床電氣控制系統硬件部分的設計.................7
      3.1  PLC的簡介................................................7
 3．2 PLC結構.................................................8
 3.3 PLC的工作原理............................................9
 3.4 PLC型號的選擇............................................10
 3.4.1 根據PLC的物理結構.....................................10
 3.4.2 根據PLC的指令功能.....................................11
 3.4.3 根據PLC的輸入輸出點數.................................11
 3.4.4 根據PLC的存儲容量 ...................................11
 3.4.5 根據輸入模塊的類型.....................................11
 3.4.6 根據輸出模塊的類型.....................................11
 3.5   PLC的I/O端口分配表....................................13
 3.6  PLC的I/O電氣接線圖的設計...............................14
第四章 搖臂鉆床電氣控制系統軟件部分的設計..........................16
 4.1 搖臂鉆床電氣控制系統流程圖...............................16
 4.2 PLC梯形圖程序的優化設計及程序調試........................17
 4.2.1 系統預開程序...........................................17
 4.2.2 主電動機的起動控制程序.................................17
 4.2.3 搖臂升降控制程序.......................................18
 4.2.4 主軸箱和立柱同時放松或夾緊控制程序.................... 19
 4.2.5 主軸箱和立柱分別單獨夾緊或放松程序.....................20
 4.2.6 信號顯示程序...........................................21
 4.2.7 電源工作狀態指示信號程序 ............................21
第五章 結 論.......................................................22
致謝 ............................................................23
參考文獻...........................................................24
附錄A............................................................. 25
附錄B............................................................. 26