基于MATLAB的鍋爐汽包液位控制仿真研究 摘 要 鍋爐是化工、煉油、發(fā)電、造紙和制糖等工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中必不可少的重要?jiǎng)恿υO(shè)備。鍋爐往往成了不少工廠不可缺少的一部分。因而,對鍋爐設(shè)備中的自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行分析研究是必要的。 鍋爐是工廠生產(chǎn)過程中重要的動(dòng)力設(shè)備。鍋爐水位控制系統(tǒng)是鍋爐生產(chǎn)控制系統(tǒng)中最重要的環(huán)節(jié)。對鍋爐生產(chǎn)操作如果不合理往往會引起事故。這些事故中的大部分是由于鍋爐水位控制不當(dāng)引起的,可見鍋爐汽包水位控制在鍋爐設(shè)備控制系統(tǒng)中的重要性。 傳統(tǒng)的鍋爐汽包液位控制系統(tǒng)大都采用PID控制。而模糊控制不要求知道被控對象的精確數(shù)學(xué)模型,只需要操作人員的經(jīng)驗(yàn)知識及操作數(shù)據(jù),魯棒性強(qiáng),適合用于非線性、滯后系統(tǒng)的控制,但其靜態(tài)性能不能令人滿意,限制了它的應(yīng)用。為消除模糊控制的穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差,本文將FUZZY-PID引入鍋爐汽包液位的控制系統(tǒng)中,并利用Simulink分別在設(shè)定值及干擾作用下對控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行仿真,結(jié)果表明,較之單純的模糊控制和常規(guī)PID控制,這種控制效果較為理想,可滿足鍋爐的汽包液位控制要求。 關(guān)鍵詞:汽包液位;PID控制;模糊控制;FUZZY-PID控制;仿真 The simulation study of boiler drum level Control based on MATLAB Abstract The boiler is absolutely necessary significant power plant of industry productions process such as the chemical industry,heat edible oil,generation of electrical energy,papermaking and refines sugar and so on .As a result,it is indispensable systematically to analyze research to the automatic control in the boiler installation. The boiler is the Power Plant that the whole factory, Segment that the boiler water level control system is the most significant in the boiler. To boiler production operation, if unreasonable will often cause the accident. The majority of these accidents are boiler water monitor causing improper, obviously the importance of boiler drum water level control in the Boiler device control system. The traditional control mode of the drum water level mostly uses PID.The fuzzy control does not need precise mathematical model of the controlled object,it only needs the experience of operator and the data of operating,it has good robustness and is fit to control the system with nonlinearity and time lag,but its static characteristic is dissatisfied,which limits its application.It is usual mode of three-variable drum water level in order to eliminate the static error that using FUZZY-PID control,and the simulation with the action of setting value and noise.The result of simulation indicates that the effect of control improves comparing with simple fuzzy control and traditional PID control,which can satisfy the control requirement of the drum water level. Keywords: drum level; PID control; fuzzy control; FUZZY-PID control; simulation 目 錄 前言 1 1.鍋爐控制及主要研究內(nèi)容 3 1.1鍋爐控制現(xiàn)狀 3 1.2控制方法的分類 3 1.3文章主要內(nèi)容 4 2.鍋爐汽包液位系統(tǒng)特性與控制方法分析 6 2.1鍋爐汽包液位概述 6 2.2汽包水位的動(dòng)態(tài)特性 6 2.2.1汽包水位在給水流量作用下的動(dòng)態(tài)特性 7 2.2.2 汽包水位在蒸汽流量作用下的動(dòng)態(tài)特性 9 2.3鍋爐汽包液位控制 11 2.3.1單沖量控制系統(tǒng) 11 2.3.2雙沖量控制系統(tǒng) 12 2.3.3三沖量控制系統(tǒng) 13 3.控制理論分析 15 3.1PID控制理論 15 3.1.1PID控制器簡述 15 3.1.2PID控制器的結(jié)構(gòu) 15 3.2模糊控制理論 17 3.2.1模糊控制理論的基本思想 18 3.2.2模糊控制的系統(tǒng)組成 18 3.2.3模糊控制器的工作原理 19 3.3模糊PID控制 22 3.3.1模糊-PID控制器的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 23 3.3.2模糊PID控制器的設(shè)計(jì)步驟 23 4.鍋爐汽包液位PID控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)及仿真研究 25 4.1 關(guān)于MATLAB 25 4.1.1 關(guān)于SIMULINK 25 4.1.2 仿真實(shí)現(xiàn) 26 4.2鍋爐汽包水位的PID控制 26 4.2.1 汽包液位的PID控制系統(tǒng)的建立 26 4.2.2 PID參數(shù)的整定 28 5.模糊-PID控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)及仿真研究 34 5.1 模糊-PID控制器設(shè)計(jì) 34 5. 2 仿真實(shí)現(xiàn) 35 5.3 幾種控制效果比較分析 36 6.結(jié)束語 37 參考文獻(xiàn) 38 致謝 40