基于S7－200系列PLC控制交通信號燈的研究設計

論文編號:ZD1361  論文字數:14093,頁數:33

論文題目：基于S7-200系列PLC的交通信號燈控制系統設計
摘　要
 
 
 城市交通信號控制是通過對交通流量的調節以達到改善人和貨物的安全運輸，以提高運營效率。交通系統是一個具有隨機性、模糊性和不確定性的復雜系統，建立數學模型非常困難，有時甚至無法用現有的數學方法加以描述。目前大多采用的是定時信號控制，很難得到滿意的效果。而模糊控制是一種無須建立數學模型的控制方法，它能模仿有經驗的交警指揮交通時的思路，達到很好的控制效果。本文實現基于PLC的交通信號的模糊控制系統進行初步探討與設計。
 本文根據車流量來決定信號燈配時的模糊控制系統的研究設計，用PLC實現單個十字路口交通信號燈模糊控制的方法。以單個十字路口4相位交通燈為例，把PLC作為一個模糊控制器，采用順序圖和梯形圖編程，通過模擬實驗保證系統運行穩定可靠，并根據不同的交通流量進行模糊控制決策，優化信號燈的配時，從而可以有效的解決交通流量不均衡、不穩定帶來的問題。
 本文在分析了交通控制國內現狀的基礎上，說明了本論文的現實意義，簡單介紹模糊控制理論的有關知識，詳細論述實行模糊控制所要采用的方法、技術及現有線路所要做的基本工作等，詳盡描述了交通指示燈的PLC控制系統硬件配置并作出模擬實驗。
 
 關 鍵 詞：城市交通；信號燈；模糊控制；PLC
 
 論文類型：設計報告
 
 
 Title: Traffic lights control system designs based on S7-200 the series PLC
ABSTRACT
   
 
 The municipal transportation signal control is through achieves to the traffic flow adjustment improves the person and the cargo safe transportation, raises the operation efficiency. The transportation system is one has randomness, the fuzziness and the uncertainty complicated system, establishes the mathematical model to be difficult, sometimes even is unable with the existing mathematical method to describe. At present what mostly uses is the timing signal control, very difficult to obtain satisfaction effect. But the fuzzy control is one kind does not need to establish the mathematical model the control method, it can imitate the experienced traffic police directs when the traffic the mentality, achieves the very good control effect. This article realizes based on the PLC traffic signal fuzzy control system carries on the preliminary discussion and the design.
 This article according to the traffic flow magnitude to decide that the signal light timing the fuzzy control system's research design, realizes the single intersection street-traffic control lights fuzzy control method with PLC. Take the single intersection 4 phase traffic lights as the example, takes a fuzzy controller PLC, uses the smooth chart and the trapezoidal chart programming, through modelling guarantee system movement stable reliable, and carries on the fuzzy control decision-making according to the different traffic flow, optimizes signal light's timing, thus may the effective solution traffic flow imbalanced, not be unstable the question which brings.
 This article in has analyzed in the traffic control domestic present situation foundation, explained the key job which present paper's practical significance, the simple introduction fuzzy control theory's related knowledge, the detailed elaboration implements the fuzzy control to use the method which, the technology and the existing line needs to do and so on, described the transportation indicating lamp's PLC control system hardware to dispose and to make the modelling exhaustively.

KEY WORDS: Municipal transportation, Signal light, Fuzzy control, PLC

TYPE OF THESIS: The design reports

 
目  錄
1 緒論 1
1.1 課題的背景及意義 1
1.2 課題設計的相關技術的現狀 1
1.3 本文的主要工作 2
2 十字路口信號燈控制的基本理論和方法 3
2.1 車輛的存在與通過的檢測 3
2.1.1 感應線圈 3
2.1.2 傳感器的鋪設 3
2.2 課題選用的PLC介紹 4
2.2.1 硬件特點 5
2.2.2 編程軟件與接口電纜 6
 2.3 交通燈控制方式 7
 2.3.1 控制系統的組成 7
2.3.2 車流量的計量  9
2.3.3 交通信號的控制方式  9
3 交通信號燈的模糊控制 13
3.1 控制理論的發展與模糊控制理論的提出 13
3.1.1 概念 13
 3.1.2 變量選擇與論域分割 14
 3.1.3 模糊控制規則 14
 3.2 模糊化方法的選擇與確定 15
3.2.1 路口車輛數的模糊化 15
3.2.2 模糊規則的設計 16
3.2.3 模糊推理算法與解模糊 16
4 基于PLC的模糊控制系統的設計實現 19
4.1 基于S7-200的PLC硬件接線 19
 4.2 交通信號燈控制策略 20
5 結論與展望 23
致    謝 25
參考文獻 27
附    錄 29