三層樓交流雙速電梯的PLC電氣控制系統的設計

電氣自動化論文編號:ZD144   論文字數:23317,頁數:54   F1系列PLC

目  錄
1 緒論  1
2 電梯的介紹  2
2.1 電梯的概述  2
2.1.1 電梯技術發展趨勢   2
2.1.2 電梯品種多樣化   2
2.2 交流調速電梯原理   3
2.3 電梯門的概述   4
2.3.1 門的系統及其作用   4
2.3.2 門的一般要求   4
2.3.3 層門、轎門的形式及結構  5
2.3.4 門的結構與組成   5
2.3.5 對重裝置   5
2.4 電梯的主要安全裝置  6
2.4.1 機械安全裝置   6
2.4.2 電氣保護裝置   7
3 可編程控制器的介紹   10
3.1 可編程控制器的歷史   10
3.2 PLC的特點   10
3.3 PLC的應用領域   11
3.4 PLC的基本結構   11
3.5 PLC的工作原理   12
3.5.1掃描技術   14
3.5.2 PLC的I/O響應時間  15
3.6 PLC的I/O系統   15
3.6.1 I/O尋址方式   16
3.7 編程器件  16
4 電氣控制系統設計  18
4.1 電梯控制性能要求  18
4.2 軟件設計流程圖    19
4.2.1 定向流程圖  19
4.2.2 電梯運行流程圖   20
4.3 輸入、輸出部分  21
4.3.1 輸入部分   21
4.3.2 輸出部分   22
4.4 主電路   23
4.4.1 曳引電路(DY)   23
4.4.2 電源開關   23
4.4.3 工作過程  24
4.4.4 電路圖  25
4.5 控制電路梯形圖的設計及功能  26
4.5.1 外呼  26
4.5.2 內選   27
4.5.3 自檢   28
4.5.4 層樓信號  28
4.5.5 超時駛回基站  29
4.5.6 上行  29
4.5.7 下行  30
4.5.8 換速信號   31
4.5.9 換速   33
4.5.10 開/關門   34
4.5.11 定時開關電梯  35
4.5.12 報警電路   35
4.5.13 閃爍電路   35
4.5.14 相序更正電路  37
4.5.15 模擬層樓信號電路   37
4.5.16 優先服務電路   38
4.5.17 模擬換速電路   40
4.5.18 模擬開/關門到位信號電路   41
4.6 PLC接線圖   41
4.6.1 PLC的選擇  41
4.6.2 I/O模塊的外邊接線方式  41
4.6.3 電路圖   42
結論  43
致謝  44
參考文獻   45
附錄   46

摘  要
    電梯是一種比較復雜的機電綜合產品，電梯技術的發展與現代科學息息相關。在電梯的各種種類中，集選控制電梯既可以實現有司機操作也可實現無司機操作，是一種高度動控制的電梯。在集選控制電梯中，這篇文章是關于三層樓交流雙速電梯的PLC電氣控制系統的設計。
交流雙速電梯的電氣控制系統主要采用了可編程控制器PLC技術。PLC技術是用微處理器實現的許多電子是繼電氣、定時器和計數器的組合體，采用電氣操作人員習慣的梯形圖式編程，直觀易懂。
由于直流電動機靠換向器換向，致使直流電動機制造成本高、價格昂貴、維護麻煩、使用環境受到限制，同時也約束了電機的轉速，功率上限，從而給直流傳動的應用帶來了一系列的限制。相對于直流電動機來說，交流電動機特別是鼠籠式異步電動機具有結構簡單，制造成本低，堅固耐用，運行可靠，維護方便，慣性小，動態響應好，以及易于向高壓、高速和大功率方向發展等優點，故在設計中采用了鼠籠式電機變極調速技術。雖然交流雙速電梯舒適感不是太好，但具有結構緊湊、維護簡單的特點，又采用開環控制方式，線路簡單，價格較低。
關鍵詞:PLC；電梯；交流雙速；電氣控制；繼電器

Abstract
The elevator is a kind of product with comprehensive more complicated machine electricity, elevator the technical development and modern science is vitally related.Gather to choose the control elevator in various category of the elevator since can carry out the driver operation and can also carry out to have no driver operation, is a kind of elevator that moves a control highly.In gather choose the control elevator, this article is concerning three soon elevator of the design of the PLC electricity control system.
Communicate double soon elevator of the electricity control system mainly adopted a programmable controller PLC technique.The PLC technique is use many electronicses of the microprocessor realization is machines after the electricity and in fixed time with count a machine of combination body, the trapezoid diagram type plait distance of[with] the adoption electricity operation personnel's habit, keep a view to understand easily.
Because the direct current motive depends to change toward machine to change to, cause the direct current motive manufacturing cost high,the price is expensive and support trouble and use environment to be subjected to restriction, also controling electrical engineering to turn soon, the power upper limit, spread the application for move to bring a series to the direct current thus of restriction.Opposite say in the direct current motive, the alternate current motive especially the rat cage type difference tread electric motor to have structure in brief, the manufacturing cost is low, hard enduring, circulate credibility, support convenience, inertial and small, the dynamic state respond to good, and be easy to toward advantages, such as high pressure,high speed and the big power direction development...etc., past in the design adopted the rat cage type electrical engineering to become pole adjust a technique soon.Although the exchanges double soon elevator the comfortable feeling isn't too good, has structure tightly packed and supports a simple characteristics, adopting to open the wreath control method again, the circuit is simple, the price is lower.
Keyword: PLC;lift;Communicate double soon;The electricity control;relay