五層交流雙速電梯PLC電氣控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計

電氣自動化論文編號:ZD146   附CAD圖, PLC:OMRON公司的C60P型   論文字數(shù):20556,頁數(shù):36

目    錄

1 緒論  1
1．1 電梯的概述   1
1.1.1 電梯的分類   1
1.1.2 電梯的規(guī)格和型號   2
1．2 可編程控制器的概述   3
1．3 PLC在電梯系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用   6
2 總體方案設(shè)計   7
2．1 電梯的機械系統(tǒng)   7
2．2 電梯的電氣控制系統(tǒng)   8
2.2.1 電梯電氣控制系統(tǒng)的主要電器部件   8
2.2.2 電梯電氣控制系統(tǒng)的主要環(huán)節(jié)   9
2．3 總體方案的選擇   13
3 系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計   14
3．1 主電路及外圍電路的設(shè)計   14
3．2主電路電機拖動系統(tǒng)電路原理   14
3．3門驅(qū)動直流電動機開關(guān)門控制電路原理   16
3．4 I/O接口分配及控制電路的設(shè)計   16
3．5 電梯主要設(shè)備的選型   18
3．6 元件名稱代碼對照表   19
3．7 PLC外部接線設(shè)計   20
4 系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計   22
4．1 電梯運行流程圖   22
4．2 梯形圖的設(shè)計   23
結(jié)論   34
致謝   35
參考文獻   36
附錄   37

摘  要
本文詳細闡述了五層電梯自動運行程序的設(shè)計過程，在復(fù)雜的繼電器控制系統(tǒng)中，故障的查找和排除是非常困難的，可能會花費大量的時間，嚴重影響系統(tǒng)的正常運行，為克服傳統(tǒng)的繼電器組成的系統(tǒng)觸點多，故障率高，可靠性差和體積龐大等不足，采用PLC（可編程控制器）控制來實現(xiàn)電梯的自動控制。通過理論分析，PLC不僅能實現(xiàn)對開關(guān)量的邏輯控制，使用PLC后，還可以減少大量的中間繼電器和時間繼電器，大大簡化了控制系統(tǒng)，提高了運行可靠性和自動化程度，PLC還具有完善的功能，通用性強，性價比高；無觸點免配線，可靠性高，抗干擾能力強；體積小，能耗低等特點。基于PLC的這些優(yōu)點，研究其在電梯中的應(yīng)用是很有意義和價值的。為改善電梯運行時的舒適感，主驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)采用了交流雙速雙繞組電動機，通過逐級切除電阻或電抗的方法來實現(xiàn)電梯的調(diào)速。在電梯控制系統(tǒng)中，減速環(huán)節(jié)和平層停車環(huán)節(jié)用到了永磁感應(yīng)器，提高了控制準確度。另外還設(shè)置了檢修、消防功能，大大提高了電梯的安全性和實用性。在指令的登記環(huán)節(jié)中均設(shè)置了發(fā)光二極管作為指令記憶燈，并在電梯運行位置顯示中采用數(shù)碼管電子電路，使電梯具有更大的實用性。
關(guān)鍵詞：交流雙速電梯；PLC；控制系統(tǒng)

Abstract
This thesis particularly expatiate the design process of the five-lays elevator automatic circulation. In complicated relay control system, it is very difficult to find and remove malfunction. It may take a great of time and influence operation of systems. In order to overcome the disadvantages in traditional relay control systems, such as too many contacts, high rate of malfunction, bad reliability and large bulk, etc. We can adopt PLC (programmable logic controller for short)gather to choose system to carry out the automaion control of elevator. According to the analysis in theory, PLC not only can carry out logic of switch volume, but also has mathematics operation, data processing, movement control, analoy volume PLC control, communication in network and so on. For complicated control systems, using PLCcan decrease a lot of middle relays and time relays, simplify control circuit great, improve reliability of operation and degree of atomation, so it can be said that PLC can completely take place of relay control sysems. PLC also has many characteristics such as strong function, price and function compare high; none of contacts and need not to go together with lines, high reliability, strong ant-interference ability; small bulk, low consumption etc. For these advantages of PLC mentioned above, it is very meaningful and valuable to study it to apply on elevator control system. In order to improve the comfortable feeling in elevator operation, main drive system adopt AC double speed motor, and use the methord of cutting out resistor or inductor step by step to regulate elevator speed. In elevator control system, permanent-magent sensor is used in drop-speed and stop links, which can improve control precise degree. What’s more, the function of repair and fire control are set, and mchine and electric safe proect link of instruction register, light diode is set insuction pilot light, and make elevator have stronger practical function.
Key words: AC double speed elevator； PLC； Control system