電機起動方法及其軟起動的研究

電氣自動化論文編號:ZD414  論文字數:21939,頁數:48，有開題報告，任務書，文獻綜述

目  錄

摘  要…………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
第一章 緒  論…………………………………………………………………………1
 1.1  交流電動機的起動過程分析…………………………………………………1
 1.1.1 交流異步電動機的起動分析………………………………………………1
 1.2.1 交流同步電動機的起動分析………………………………………………4
 1.2  交流電動機的起動方法………………………………………………………7
 1.2.1 交流異步電動機的起動方法………………………………………………7
 1.2.2 交流同步電動機的起動方法………………………………………………8
第二章 交流電動機軟起動方法與基本原理 …………………………………11
2.1 液阻軟起動………………………………………………………………………11
2.2 磁控軟起動………………………………………………………………………11
2.3 晶閘管軟起動……………………………………………………………………11
 2.3.1 晶閘管調壓軟起動 ………………………………………………………12
 2.3.2 晶閘管變頻軟起動 ………………………………………………………13
第三章 交流異步電動機的數學模型……………………………………………14
 3.1 交流異步電動機的a-b-c數學模型…………………………………………14
 3.1.1 電壓方程 …………………………………………………………………15
 3.1.2 磁鏈方程 …………………………………………………………………15
 3.1.3 運動方程 …………………………………………………………………18
 3.1.4 轉矩方程 …………………………………………………………………18
 3.2交流異步電動機的d-q數學模型………………………………………………18
 3.2.1 d-q電壓方程 ……………………………………………………………19
 3.2.2 d-q系統轉矩方程 ………………………………………………………19
 3.2.3 d-q系統轉矩平衡方程 …………………………………………………19
 3.2.4 d-q系統磁鏈方程 ………………………………………………………20
 3.3 交流異步電動機的M-T數學模型…………………………………………20
第四章 交流異步電動機起動過程的計算機仿真…………………………21
 4.1 仿真軟件Matlab的簡單介紹……………………………………………21
 4.2 交流異步電動機的Simulink仿真模型…………………………………21
 4.3  交流異步電動機的仿真結果……………………………………………24
 4.3.1全壓起動仿真結果………………………………………………………25
 4.3.2全壓負載起動仿真結果…………………………………………………27
 4.3.3電壓斜坡空載起動完后突加負載仿真結果……………………………28
 4.3.4電壓斜坡負載起動仿真結果……………………………………………30
第五章  軟起動器的設計………………………………………………………33
 5.1 軟起動器的控制方法……………………………………………………33
 5.2 軟起動器的硬件框圖……………………………………………………34
 5.2.1 晶閘管電路……………………………………………………………34
 5.2.2 觸發控制電路…………………………………………………………35
 5.2.3 同步電路………………………………………………………………35
 5.2.4 檢測及保護電路………………………………………………………35
 5.2.5 鍵盤顯示電路…………………………………………………………36
 5.2.6 電源電路………………………………………………………………36
 5.3 軟起動器的軟件流程圖…………………………………………………36
 5.3.1 主程序…………………………………………………………………37
 5.3.2 系統初始化程序………………………………………………………37
 5.3.3 系統運行模塊程序……………………………………………………38
 5.3.4 軟停車模塊程序………………………………………………………39
結 束 語…………………………………………………………………………41
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………42
致    謝…………………………………………………………………………43

摘  要

 隨著大功率電力電子開關器件和微電腦技術的迅速發展。交流異步電動機的變頻調速技術已獲得了廣泛應用。然而，在工業生產實際中，還大量存在著不需要深調速的中、大功率容量交流異步電動機，迫切需要解決的問題是起動過程中的大電流沖擊和安全生產所需要的各種保護。
 針對目前存在的起動裝置耗能大、設備笨重、調節困難、價格昂貴等問題，研制了一種具有軟起動和各種運行保護的高性價比中、大功率交流異步電動機多功能控制器。
 文章首先分析了交流異步電動機的起動性能和常用起動方法，討論了直接起動時大電流沖擊產生的原因和危害，并對常用起動方法的優缺點進行了比較分析，進而得出了電機起動過程中應該考慮的幾個問題。
 接著討論了幾種主要的電動機軟起動方法與原理。
 為分析交流異步電動機的起動過程和軟起動器的起動方式的選擇，建立交流異步電動機的數學模型，并在此基礎上進行計算機仿真，分別進行了交流異步電動機的全壓空載、全壓負載、電壓斜坡空載起動完后突加負載和電壓斜坡負載起動過程仿真。
 然后對電機起動電壓控制方式，提出了應用模糊控制的方法。
 最后對軟起動器的具體硬件和軟件設計進行了簡要的說明。

關鍵詞：軟起動  DSP  交流異步電動機   模糊控制  數學模型   Matlab simukink

Abstract

 Along with the technical and quick development of the big power  electric power electronics  switch machine piece and micro-computers.Communicate an electric motor of difference changes the Frequency to adjust soon the technique has already acquired the extensive pplication.However, in industry produce actually, return a great deal of exist and don't need to adjust deeply soon of in, the big power  capacity exchanges difference treads the electric motor, urgently need the problem for resolve is starts the big electric current within process impact and safeties to produce need of various protection.
 Aim at to exist currently of start to equip to consume the ability big, the equipments is bulky and regulates difficulty, the price expensive etc. problem, research to manufacture a kind of have soft start compare with various sex price with protective and high movement medium, big power exchanges that the difference treads the multi-function controller of electric motor.
 The article analyzed the exchanges first the difference treads the electric motor to start the function and in common use start the method, the big electric current pounds at the output reason and banes while discussing to start directly, and to in common use started the merit and shortcoming of method to carry on more analytical, then got the electrical engineering starts the process in a few problem that should consider.
 Discussed a few main electric motors immediately after soft start the method and principles.
 For the analytical exchanges the difference treads the electric motor to start the process and soft start the choice that the machine starts the way, the exchanges a the mathematics model of the electric motor of establishment, and really go forward to go the calculator to imitate in this foundation, carried on the exchanges that the difference treads all of the electric motor to press to get empty to carry and all press the load, the electric voltage slope to get empty to carry respectively after start the Suddenly really add load to load to start the process to imitate with the electric voltage slope.
 Then start the electric voltage control method to the electrical engineering, put forward the method of the applied misty control.
 Finally to soft started the concrete hardware and the software designs of the machine to carry on the elucidation of the synopsis.

Keywords:   Soft starter  DSP   Thyristor Motor  Fuzzy control   Mathematics model
           Matlab simulink