步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動器設(shè)計(jì)

電氣自動化論文編號:ZD606 論文字?jǐn)?shù):28074,頁數(shù):53，有外文翻譯，原理圖，

目 錄
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的概述 1
1.2 步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動技術(shù)概述 2
1.3 國內(nèi)外研究概況及發(fā)展趨勢 2
1.4 本課題的研究意義及目的 3
1.4.1 課題的研究意義 3
1.4.2 課題的研究目的 4
1.5 本課題的主要研究內(nèi)容 4
第2章 混合式步進(jìn)電機(jī)的工作原理及結(jié)構(gòu) 6
2.1 混合式步進(jìn)電機(jī)的機(jī)構(gòu)組成特點(diǎn) 6
2.2 混合式步進(jìn)電機(jī)的工作原理 6
2.3 混合步進(jìn)電機(jī)的繞組通電方式 8
第3章 步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動系統(tǒng) 9
3.1 步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的概述 9
3.2 混合式步進(jìn)電機(jī)傳統(tǒng)驅(qū)動方式的電路與性能比較 10
3.2.1 單電壓驅(qū)動方式 10
3.2.2 高低壓驅(qū)動方式 10
3.2.3 調(diào)頻調(diào)壓驅(qū)動方式 11
3.2.4 斬波恒流驅(qū)動方式 12
3.3 混合式步進(jìn)電機(jī)的細(xì)分驅(qū)動 13
3.3.1 細(xì)分驅(qū)動原理 13
3.3.2 細(xì)分驅(qū)動的特點(diǎn) 14
3.3.3 恒轉(zhuǎn)矩等步距角細(xì)分 15
3.4 正弦脈寬調(diào)制技術(shù)原理及其控制方式 16
3.4.1 脈寬調(diào)制技術(shù)(PWM)的基本原理 16
3.4.2 SPWM正弦細(xì)分驅(qū)動 17
3.4.3 電流追蹤型PWM控制 17
第4章 驅(qū)動器的硬件設(shè)計(jì) 20
4.1 硬件電路總體概述 20
4.2 單片機(jī)控制的多重?cái)?shù)字細(xì)分電路 20
4.2.1 單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 21
4.2.2 正弦階梯波的產(chǎn)生 25
4.2.3 GAL片邏輯綜合信號處理單元 26
4.3 恒流控制電路 28
4.3.1 SG3525工作原理簡介 28
4.3.2 SG3525功能實(shí)現(xiàn) 29
4.4 驅(qū)動功放電路的設(shè)計(jì) 30
4.4.1 IR2110功能原理及應(yīng)用簡介 30
4.4.2 主驅(qū)動電路 33
4.5 過流保護(hù)及反饋電路 34
4.6 系統(tǒng)供電電源簡介 38
4.7 硬件電路抗干擾措施 39
第5章 驅(qū)動器的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 41
5.1 AT89C51單片機(jī)軟件編程 41
5.1.1 單片機(jī)編程語言的選擇 41
5.1.2 AT89C51單片機(jī)軟件系統(tǒng)介紹 41
5.2 GAL16V8軟件簡介 45
5.3 軟件設(shè)計(jì)小結(jié) 46
參考文獻(xiàn) 48
致 謝 49

摘 要
 論文分析了混合式步進(jìn)電動機(jī)的工作原理和運(yùn)行特性。并對步進(jìn)電機(jī)的多種驅(qū)動技術(shù)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的研究，著重分析和論述了正弦脈寬調(diào)制細(xì)分驅(qū)動技術(shù)。文中對整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)及驅(qū)動軟件編程進(jìn)行了研究和實(shí)現(xiàn)。
 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的使用離不開步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動器，驅(qū)動器的優(yōu)劣影響著步進(jìn)電機(jī)的運(yùn)行性能。傳統(tǒng)的驅(qū)動方式側(cè)重于使步進(jìn)電機(jī)繞組電流以盡可能短的時(shí)間上升到額定值，以提高電機(jī)高速運(yùn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)矩，一般步距角較大，且造成低速運(yùn)行時(shí)的振動和噪聲加大。針對此問題，開發(fā)出一種新型的基于單片機(jī)的多細(xì)分二相混合式步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動器。該驅(qū)動器以二相混合式步進(jìn)電動機(jī)的靜態(tài)和動態(tài)運(yùn)行特性為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，主要分為數(shù)字控制部分、GAL片邏輯綜合信號處理單元、SG3525恒流控制電路、驅(qū)動功放電路、過流保護(hù)及反饋電路和系統(tǒng)供電電源模塊等。采用專用集成芯片和可編程邏輯器件，以8位單片機(jī)AT89C51為控制核心，實(shí)現(xiàn)恒流控制、正/反轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)行、過流保護(hù)和多檔位細(xì)分等功能。在器件選型和軟、硬件設(shè)計(jì)方面兼顧了性能與成本等因素，性價(jià)比較高且通用性強(qiáng)。
 該驅(qū)動器的系統(tǒng)硬件和軟件設(shè)計(jì)合理可行，各項(xiàng)技術(shù)指標(biāo)均達(dá)到了設(shè)計(jì)要求。它與混合式步進(jìn)電動機(jī)配套可以明顯地改善步進(jìn)電動機(jī)的運(yùn)行性能，拓寬其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。

關(guān)鍵詞：混合式步進(jìn)電機(jī)，正弦脈寬調(diào)制，細(xì)分驅(qū)動，單片機(jī)
Abstract
 The thesis analyses the work principle and operating characteristics of hybrid stepper motor. and also studies varies driving technologies of stepper motor in detail. On the emphasis the thesis analyses the technology of sine pulse width modulation subdivided driving. The structure，hardware and software of the system are studied. They all come true. In the end, performance tests of the driving system are given out at length.
 Stepper motor cannot work without stepper motor driver. Its performance is close related to the driver. Traditionally, a motor driver is to provide the rated current to the motor windings in the shortest possible time, helping to maintain high speed torque. As a result, motors vibration and noise is grater at low speeds and the step angle is grater too. In order to improve the running characteristics, multi-micro stepping driver for two-phase hybrid stepper motor has been developed, which is based on the one-chip computer controlling. The driver which takes the static and dynamic characteristics of two-phase hybrid stepper motor as the starting point consists of digital control part, GAL logic integrated unit, SG3525 constant current control circuit, driving circuit over current protecting and feedback circuit, and the power supply block. The driving system using special integrated chip and programmable logic device takes 8-bit single chip AT89C51 as the control core and has the functions of constant current control, forward/reverse working, over-current protection and multilevel subdivided driving. The driver has high performance price ratio and id very universal.
 The design of hardware and software of the driver is reasonable and feasible, and successfully meets the design needs. The driver working together with hybrid stepper motor can improve the running characteristics and widen the application fields of the motor.
Keywords: hybrid stepper motor，SPWM，subdivided driving，single chip microcomputer