發電機勵磁裝置移相觸發模塊設計

電氣自動化論文編號:ZD618 論文字數:32568,頁數:51，有外文翻譯，

 
目 錄
第1章 緒 論 1
1.1 勵磁控制系統的作用  1
1.2.勵磁控制系統的發展  2
1.3.論文的研究內容  6
第2章 DSP及其開發系統 8
2.1 DSP的結構特點 8
2.2 DSP芯片的選擇 9
第3章 勵磁控制器的硬件設計 13
3.1 硬件整體結構 13
3.2 DSP最小系統 14
3.3 同步信號捕獲 16
3.4 模擬電量采集 17
3.5 開關量的輸入及輸出 23
3.6 移相觸發脈沖 25
第4章 勵磁控制器的軟件設計 31
4.1 DSP程序設計特點 31
4.2 軟件整體結構 33
4.3 頻率檢測 34
4.4 數據采集 36
4.5 移相觸發脈沖 39
4.6 勵磁限制 40
第5章 結 論 43
參 考 文 獻 44
致 謝 47

摘 要
 勵磁控制器是同步發電機勵磁系統的重要組成部分，對于電力系統的安全穩定運行起著十分重要的作用。優良的勵磁控制系統不僅可以保證發電機安全可靠運行，為電網提供合格的電能，而且能夠有效地改善電力系統靜態與暫態穩定性。
 在深入了解國內外勵磁控制系統現狀和發展趨勢的基礎上，本文采用新型電機控制專用DSP芯片TMS320F2812，設計了一種“硬件集成度高，軟件運算速度快、整體功能強大”的勵磁控制器。在硬件設計中，充分利用了TMS320F2812芯片豐富的外設資源，并把具有可靠性高的自適應同步信號捕獲模塊、多通道交流信號同步采樣模塊、具有光電耦合器的開關量輸入輸出模塊、基于脈寬調制方式的移相觸發脈沖產生模塊有機地整合為一體。在軟件設計中，遵循結構化、模塊化、自頂向下、逐步細化的編程思想，成功地開發了可讀性強的頻率檢測模塊、數據采集模塊、移相觸發脈沖產生模塊和各種勵磁限制模塊，并把它們無縫地嵌入到總體軟件框架之中。
 由于采用了新型電機控制專用DSP芯片TMS320F2812，所設計的勵磁控制器具有體積小、速度高的特點。利用硬件鎖相環電路和六通道16位并行AD轉換器件，解決了電機控制中多通道模擬信號同步交流采樣問題，有效地保證了計算所得有功功率和功率因數更接近于真實值；利用新型的快速脈沖列觸發技術，既可提高觸發脈沖陡度又降低了對脈沖變壓器的要求；采用模糊PID控制技術，使勵磁控制器兼有PID調節和模糊調節兩者優點，提高了同步發電機勵磁系統的動態性能。同時，DSP最小系統模塊具有電平兼容性強的擴展接口，軟件采用了模塊化設計方法，使勵磁控制器能夠不斷容納新的功能。試驗測試證明：所設計硬、軟件配合良好，達到了預期的設計目標。
 
 關鍵詞：勵磁控制器，DSP，交流采樣，移相觸發
 ABSTRACT
 The excitation controller is a significant part of excitation system of synchronous generator，which is important to keep security and stability of power system.Ecellent excitation system can not only ensure the rebliability of generator，the good quality of generators'supply,but also enhance the steady stability and transient stability of power system effectively.
  Based on the actuality and development trend of excitation system in home and aborad,useing new type DSP,TMS320F2812,special for generator controlling,an excitation controller is designed with high integration in hardware,hige speed operation in software,and strong whole function.When designing the hardware,the plenty peripherals of chip TMS320F2812 are used fully.Moreover,the adaptive sync signal capture module with high reliability,the multichannel AC signal synchronized sampling module and the phase shift trigger generator module are conformed to the integration.When designing the software,the program,stryctured,modularized,top–down and refined step by step,is followed.So,the frequency measurement module with high readability,data sampling module,the phase shift trigger generator module and varied excitation limiting modules are designed.And the modules are embedded seamlessly in the macro software frame.
 Based on the new type DSP,TMS320F2812,special for generator controlling,the excitation controller is dedigned with little volume and high speed.In order to solve the problem of multi-channel analog signals synchronized AC sampling in electric machine control,the hardware phase-lock loop and the 16-bit,6-channel,parallel AD convert are presented.So,the calculated value of power and power factor are ensured effectively to be more close to their real.A new technology of rapid pulse train triggering is used to improve the trigger pulse gradient and reduce the requirement of pulse transformers.The fuzzy PID control technique is adapted,so that the excitation controller has the merits of PID adjustment and fuzzy adjustment,and the dynamic performance of excitation system of synchronous generator is improved.Besides,the least system module of DSP has the extend interface which can be compatible to different voltage level,and the software is designed by modular programming,therefore the excitation controller can hold new functions continuously.The test shows that the designed hardware and software can fit well,and the anticipative design objectives are attained.
 Keyword：Excitation controller，DSP，Synchronized AC sampling