智能數(shù)字溫度測(cè)控儀表的設(shè)計(jì)

電氣自動(dòng)化論文編號(hào):ZD634    論文字?jǐn)?shù):23678,頁(yè)數(shù):52 

目錄
摘要…… I
Abstract II

第1章 緒論 1
1.1 課題背景 1
1.2 課題的提出和意義 1
1.3 工業(yè)溫度控制的發(fā)展標(biāo)題 1
1.4 溫度微機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)控制方案概述 2
1.5 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù) 3
第2章 硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì) 5
2.1 總體方案 5
2.2 單片機(jī)的選擇 5
2.2.1單片機(jī)的簡(jiǎn)述 5
2.2.2單片機(jī)的選擇 6
2.3 溫度測(cè)量與放大電路 8
2.3.1鉑電阻的工作特性和分度簡(jiǎn)表 9
2.3.2熱電偶的工作特性和分度簡(jiǎn)表 11
2.3.3 冷端溫度補(bǔ)償 12
2.4 電壓/頻率轉(zhuǎn)換電路 13
2.5 溫度控制電路 14
2.6 報(bào)警電路 17
2.7 按鍵和顯示電路 18
2.8 通信電路 19
2.9 電源電路 21
2.10 本章小結(jié) 21
第3章 PID控制策略及仿真分析 22
3.1 采用PID控制算法的原因 22
3.2 PID參數(shù)的作用 23
3.3 被控對(duì)象 24
3.4 PID控制方法 24
3.5 仿真分析 26
3.5.1 仿真工具 26
3.5.2 仿真環(huán)境Simulink 26
3.5.3 系統(tǒng)PID控制仿真 27
3.6 本章小結(jié) 29
第4章 系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 30
結(jié)論 32
致謝 33
參考文獻(xiàn) 34
附錄A 36
附錄B 44

摘要
 溫度是工業(yè)控制的主要被控參數(shù)之一，如在冶金、機(jī)械、食品、化工、印染、石油加工等工業(yè)中，廣泛使用的各種加熱爐、熱處理爐、反應(yīng)爐等對(duì)工件的處理溫度都要求嚴(yán)格控制，對(duì)于溫度的精確度和穩(wěn)定性均有較高的要求。
 本次設(shè)計(jì)的智能數(shù)字溫度測(cè)控儀表硬件設(shè)計(jì)選用了以AT89S52單片機(jī)為核心的控制芯片，配合熱電阻、熱電偶溫度傳感器進(jìn)行溫度檢測(cè)，同時(shí)由過(guò)零觸發(fā)光電耦合器件MOC3021和晶閘管構(gòu)成驅(qū)動(dòng)執(zhí)行單元，由按鍵、LED數(shù)碼顯示器及報(bào)警單元等組成人機(jī)聯(lián)系電路，此系統(tǒng)還設(shè)計(jì)了單片機(jī)與上位機(jī)的通信，實(shí)現(xiàn)了遠(yuǎn)程溫度控制。
 由于溫度自身具有慣性大，滯后現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重的特點(diǎn)，文中用MATLAB軟件對(duì)電烤箱這樣一個(gè)被控對(duì)象進(jìn)行PID 控制及仿真分析，仿真結(jié)果表明，PID控制基本上能達(dá)到相應(yīng)速度快、超調(diào)較小、穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差為零的效果。
 
關(guān)鍵詞　單片機(jī)；溫度測(cè)量；信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換；溫度控制；報(bào)警
 The design of intelligent digital temperature control instrumentation
Abstract
 Temperature is one of the main parameters of which in industry control, such as in metallurgy, machinery, foodstuffs, chemicals, printing and dyeing, oil processing industry. In the wider use of various furnaces, heat treatment furnace, the reactor and other parts, the temperature is required strictly to control, and temperature accuracy and stability have higher requirements.
 The hardware design of intelligent digital temperature control instrumentation chosen AT89S52 micro controller as the core of the control chip, able to cope with heat resistance, such as linear transmitter thermocouple temperature sensor to detect temperature, and from zero to trigger light MOC3021 coupled device, and the implementation drive unit, keys, LED digital display and alarm unit composed of human computer link circuit, this system also designed the MCU and PC communications, to achieve a long-range temperature control .
 As the temperature of owning the characteristics of phenomenon seriously lagging behind as to electronic oven, the PID control were applied and the simulation analysis was comparatively made. Simulation results show that, PID control can basically meet the corresponding speed, overshoot smaller, the effect of steady-state error to zero.
Keywords　MCU; temperature measurement ;signal converters ;temperature control;  alarm