變頻器綜述

電氣自動化論文編號:ZD660    論文字數:14912,頁數:30

目  錄
第一章  調速傳動的歷史及逆變器的發展 6
 1-1  調速傳動的變遷 6
 1-1-1 機械式調速傳動 6
 1-1-2 變速聯軸節 6
 1-1-3 調速電動機 7
 1-2逆變器 7
第二章  變頻器原理 9
 2-1  異步電動機調速運行原理 9
 2-2  變頻器的基本動作原理及特點 10
 2-3  逆變器的構成與功能 14
 2-3-1 主電路 14
 2-3-2 控制電路 17
第三章  使用變頻器的目的和優點 21
 3-1  變頻器的功能和用途 21
 3-2  使用變頻器的優點 21
3-3常見機械及其負載特性 25
第四章  變頻器的選型 26
 4-1  變頻器的選型 26
 4-1-1 變頻器選型時要確定以下幾點： 26
第五章  逆變器的安裝與接線 27
 5-1  變頻器的安裝環境 27
 5-2  變頻器和電機的距離確定電纜和布線方法 27
 5-3  變頻器的接地 28
 5-4  變頻器接線規范 28
第六章  變頻器的維修 29
 6-1  日常的維護與檢查 29
 6-2  故障處理與恢復運行(以車載逆變器最常見的故障及處理方法為例) 29
第七章  變頻器的運行和相關參數的設置及常見故障分析 30
 7-1  變頻器的運行和相關參數的設置： 30
 7-2  常見故障分析： 30
第八章  結論 32
參 考 文 獻: 33
致  謝 34

摘　要

 變頻器是把工頻電源(50Hz或60Hz)變換成各種頻率的交流電源，以實現電機的變速運行的設備，其中控制電路完成對主電路的控制，整流電路將交流電變換成直流電，直流中間電路對整流電路的輸出進行平滑濾波，逆變電路將直流電再逆成交流電。變頻調速是通過改變電機定子繞組供電的頻率來達到調速的目的。
 變頻技術是應交流電機無級調速的需要而誕生的。20世紀60年代以后，電力電子器件經歷了SCR(晶閘管)、GTO(門極可關斷晶閘管)、BJT(雙極型功率晶體管)、MOSFET(金屬氧化物場效應管)、SIT(靜電感應晶體管)、SITH(靜電感應晶閘管)、MGT(MOS控制晶體管)、MCT(MOS控制晶閘管)、IGBT(絕緣柵雙極型晶體管)、HVIGBT(耐高壓絕緣柵雙極型晶閘管)的發展過程，器件的更新促進了電力電子變換技術的不斷發展。20世紀70年代開始，脈寬調制變壓變頻(PWM－VVVF)調速研究引起了人們的高度重視。20世紀80年代，作為變頻技術核心的PWM模式優化問題吸引著人們的濃厚興趣，并得出諸多優化模式，其中以鞍形波PWM模式效果最佳。20世紀80年代后半期開始，美、日、德、英等發達國家的VVVF變頻器已投入市場并獲得了廣泛應用。
關鍵詞：變頻器；調速傳動；逆變器；電動機原理

Abstract

 The frequency changer is (50Hz or 60Hz) transforms the power frequency power source Cheng Ge to plant the frequency the alternating current supply, realizes electrical machinery's speed change movement equipment, the control circuit completes to the main circuit the control, the leveling circuit transforms the alternating current the direct current, the direct-current intermediate circuit carries on to leveling circuit's output the smooth filter, inverted the electric circuit the direct current again counter deal discharge. The frequency conversion velocity modulation is achieves the velocity modulation through the change electrical machinery stator winding power supply frequency the goal.
 The frequency conversion technology is should the alternating current machine stepless speed regulation need to be born. After the 1960s, the electric power electronic device experienced SCR (thyristor), GTO (gate to be possible to shut off thyristor, BJT (double pole power transistor), MOSFET (metal oxide compound field effect tube), SIT (electrostatic induction transistor), SITH (electrostatic induction thyristor), MGT (MOS control transistor), MCT (MOS control thyristor), IGBT (insulation grid double pole transistor), HVIGBT (bore high-pressured insulation grid double pole thyristor) the developing process extremely), component's renewal promoted the electric power electron converter technique unceasing development. In the 1970s started, the pulse-duration modulation live pressure frequency conversion (PWM-VVVF) velocity modulation research caused the people to take seriously. In the 1980s, was attracting people's strong interest as the frequency conversion technology core's PWM pattern optimization question, and obtained many optimized patterns, was best by the saddle shape wave PWM pattern effect. 20 shiji 80 niandai houbanqi the start, US and Japan, Germany, UK and so on developed country's VVVF frequency changer put into the market and has obtained the widespread application.
Key word: Frequency changer; Velocity modulation transmission; Invertor; Electric motor principle