戶用超聲波熱量表

論文編號:ZD1244  論文字?jǐn)?shù):21893,頁數(shù):38  附原理圖，外文翻譯

摘 要
 該熱量表用于采暖熱能計(jì)量，是住宅、工廠、學(xué)校、商店、醫(yī)院、礦山等企事業(yè)單位以水為熱媒的供暖系統(tǒng)的入戶計(jì)量儀表。
 該熱量表是根據(jù)進(jìn)水和出水的溫度差，并測出熱水的流量來計(jì)算熱量。溫度測量采用DS18B20數(shù)字溫度傳感器，兩個(gè)配對溫度傳感器分別測量進(jìn)水溫度和出水溫度，得到溫差，流量測量采用超聲測量技術(shù)，使用超聲波換能器產(chǎn)生超聲波和接受超聲波。由單片機(jī)控制發(fā)送超聲波的頻率和發(fā)射時(shí)間，經(jīng)過諧振電路和壓電陶瓷片產(chǎn)生機(jī)械振動(dòng)，產(chǎn)生超聲波，利用頻差法，求得水的流量。
 這種熱量測量系統(tǒng)采用嵌入系統(tǒng)，具有耗能低、非接觸、對溫度與壓力等各項(xiàng)參數(shù)能進(jìn)行自動(dòng)校正等功能。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明：這種熱量計(jì)測量精度達(dá)1.5級，且具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、成本低及實(shí)用性強(qiáng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
關(guān)鍵詞：熱量表；超聲波；溫度傳感器；頻差法；單片機(jī)

Abstract
 The calories' watch used for adopting the warm thermal energy to calculate, is the business units, such as residence, factory, school, store, hospital and the mineral mountain. to take water as the hot to provide the warm system into the door to calculate the appearance.
 The calories' form according to enter the temperature of the water and water bad, and test to find out the discharge of the hot water to compute the calories. The temperature measures to adopt the platinum electric resistance temperature to spread the feeling machine, two form couples the temperature to spread the feeling machine to measure into the water temperature degree and a water temperature degrees respectively, getting the difference in temperature, the discharge measures to adopt a diagraph technique, using a wave to change the ability machine to produce a wave and accept a wave. Send out the frequency of a wave and shoot time from a machine control, flap the electric circuit and press to give or get an electric shock a creation machine vibration through, produce a wave, make use of the bad method, the discharge that beg the water.
 This kind of calories measures the system adoption to imbed the system, having the ability of consume low, get in touch with not and can carry on the au to correct etc. to various parameters, such as temperature and pressure. function. Experiment the enunciation: This kind of calorimeter measures the accuracy to amount to 1.5 classes, and have the structure simple, the cost is low and the function strong etc. advantage.
Key Words: Heat meter ; Ultrasonic; Wireless Sensor；Frequency difference；single chip processor

目     錄
1.1 方案論證及設(shè)計(jì)背景   5
2.1 熱量表設(shè)計(jì)簡介   6
2.2 熱量表微控制器的簡介   6
    2.2.1MSP430系列單片機(jī)簡介   6
    2.2.2MSP430F135單片機(jī)簡介   7
    2.2.3MSP430F135的晶體時(shí)鐘模塊   8
2.3 熱量表工作模式的設(shè)計(jì)   9
    2.3.1MSP430的工作模式   9
    2.3.2工作模式的設(shè)置   9
    2.3.3工作模式在熱量表中的應(yīng)用  10
2.4 熱量表的定時(shí)器設(shè)計(jì)  11
    2.4.1定時(shí)器簡介  11
    2.4.2定時(shí)器的操作  11
    2.4.3熱量表中定時(shí)器的應(yīng)用  11
2.5 熱量表測溫模塊設(shè)計(jì)  12
    2.5.1總體方案設(shè)計(jì)  12
    2.5.2 DS18B20數(shù)字溫度傳感器介紹·  13
    2.5.3硬件連接  14
    2.5.4軟件設(shè)計(jì)  15
2.6 熱量表流量數(shù)據(jù)采集的設(shè)計(jì)  16
    2.6.1 SB5227型智能化超聲波計(jì)量專用集成電路介紹  16
    2.6.2超聲波流量計(jì)的基本原理及類型  17
    2.6.3總體方案設(shè)計(jì)  19
    2.6.4硬件設(shè)計(jì)  20
    2.6.5軟件設(shè)計(jì)  21
2.7 熱量表中計(jì)算模塊設(shè)計(jì)  21
    2.7.1熱能計(jì)算公式  21
    2.7.2數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換設(shè)計(jì)  22
2.8 熱量表的數(shù)據(jù)安全模塊設(shè)計(jì)  22
    2.8.1概述  22
    2.8.2 Flash存儲(chǔ)器  23
    2.8.3具體實(shí)現(xiàn)  24
2.9 熱量表串行通信模塊設(shè)計(jì)  25
    2.9.1方案設(shè)計(jì)  25
    2.9.2串行通訊接口介紹  25
    2.9.3 USART介紹  28
    2.9.4具體實(shí)現(xiàn)  28
2.10 單頻音報(bào)警接口  28
2.11 液晶顯示器LCD顯示的工作原理  29
2.12 熱量表整體設(shè)計(jì)  30
    2.12.1熱量表的軟件整體流程圖  30
    2.12.2熱量表設(shè)計(jì)中所注意的問題  30
    2.12.3熱量表的特點(diǎn)  31
致謝·  32
參考文獻(xiàn)·  33
附錄·  34