多效蒸餾水機(jī)專家控制系統(tǒng)研究與實(shí)現(xiàn)

論文編號(hào):ZD1226   論文字?jǐn)?shù):22114,頁數(shù):51  附原理圖，外文翻譯，答辯PPT
摘 要

 多效蒸餾水機(jī)的運(yùn)行過程十分復(fù)雜，其熱交換回路中主蒸汽壓力、溫度與原料水的壓力、溫度、流量耦和緊密，且呈現(xiàn)非線性關(guān)系。因此在蒸餾水生產(chǎn)過程中需要控制兩個(gè)重要參數(shù)：一個(gè)是蒸餾水在出口處的電導(dǎo)率，另一個(gè)是蒸餾水在出口處的溫度。電導(dǎo)率一般通過調(diào)節(jié)原料水的閥門開度來控制；出口溫度一般通過調(diào)節(jié)進(jìn)入熱交換器的蒸汽流量來控制。由于蒸餾水機(jī)系統(tǒng)本身具有大滯后、非線性、時(shí)變、強(qiáng)干擾等特性，且純汽輸出回路和冷卻水回路都是熱交換回路的強(qiáng)烈干擾源，所以常規(guī)的PID控制就不能很好的保證系統(tǒng)的精度。鑒于此，本文采用由PID控制器和專家控制器一起組成自整定PID控制器進(jìn)行控制。
 結(jié)合蒸發(fā)過程實(shí)際，在研究專家系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上，本文建立了比較完善的知識(shí)庫，并且對(duì)知識(shí)庫進(jìn)行了量化處理，采用正向推理機(jī)制，啟發(fā)式搜索方式，交互式人機(jī)接口開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)了適用于醫(yī)藥用蒸餾水生產(chǎn)過程的專家系統(tǒng)。   
 本文使用組態(tài)軟件開發(fā)蒸餾水機(jī)的監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了在中央控制室遙控在線產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，既避免了在現(xiàn)場操作的很多煩瑣，又提高了管理水平。系統(tǒng)功能全面，界面友好，實(shí)用性強(qiáng)，開放性好。

 關(guān)鍵詞：   多效蒸餾水機(jī)、 PID控制、專家系統(tǒng)、 PLC、 組態(tài)軟件

Title:  Multi-effect distilled water machine

Abstract
Distilled water machine's work process is very complicated. The main steam pressure, temperature of its hot exchange loop and the pressure, temperature, liquid quantity of raw material water connect closely and present nonlinear relation. So during the process, we need to control two important parameters: one is the electric on ductivity rate of distilled water at exit; another is the temperature of distilled water at exit. Electric conductivity rate generally is controlled by regulating the raw material water's valve door, while export temperature generally is controlled by regulating steam quantity passed into the heat exchanger. Because the distilled water machine has the characteristics of serious delay, nonlinear, strong interference etc., And because the pure vapor output loop and cool water loop are all hot exchange loop's strong interference resource, therefore common PID can't achieve satisfactory effect. For this reason, this paper adopt PID controller composed of PID controller and expert system to control the system .
Combined the actual evaporating process, on the basis of expert system, this paper establish the perfect knowledge warehouse and adopt forward-reasoning mechanism,inspiring research method, exchange person-machine junction to design an expert system applicable to the distilled water production.
This paper uses configuration software to develop the supervisory control system of distilled water machine and realizes in the central control room to control on-line product quality examination, which not only saves a lot of spot operation, but also increases the control accuracy. This system has plenty of functions, friendly interface and high practicality.

 Keywords:  Multi-effect distilled water machine; PID control; Expert system;
 Programmable logic controller; Configuration software

目 錄
第一章 緒 論 1
1.1 多效蒸餾水機(jī)產(chǎn)生的目的及意義 1
1.2 多效蒸餾水機(jī)國內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及主要技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu) 1
1.3 多效蒸餾水機(jī)的制水工藝流程、工作原理 7
1.4 多效蒸餾水機(jī)的主要結(jié)構(gòu) 8
1.4.1 蒸餾塔是主機(jī)的重要組成部分 9
1.4.2 冷凝器 11
1.4.3 電氣控制器 12
1.4.4 機(jī)架結(jié)構(gòu) 12
1.4.5 材質(zhì)選用 12
1.5 多效蒸餾水機(jī)控制要求 12
第二章 方案論證 14
2.1 硬件控制核心選擇 14
2.2 控制單元選擇 16
2.3 控制系統(tǒng)的選擇 17
第三章 多效蒸餾水機(jī)控制過程數(shù)學(xué)模型及控制算法 22
3.1 數(shù)學(xué)模型 22
3.2 控制算法 27
第四章 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 28
4.1 主蒸汽恒壓力PID控制回路設(shè)計(jì) 28
4.1.1 傳感器 28
4.1.2 PID控制過程 29
4.2 原料水恒流量PID控制回路設(shè)計(jì) 30
4.2.1 差壓流量計(jì) 30
4.2.2 PID控制過程 30
4.3 專家控制 31
4.4 液位檢測 33
4.5 電導(dǎo)儀表 38
4.6 溫度變送器選用 40
4.7 二位三通電控?fù)Q向閥 41
4.8  PLC配置 42
第五章 軟件設(shè)計(jì) 43
5.1  S7-300模塊地址的確定 43
5.2  PID 編程 43
5.3  組態(tài) 44
5.3.1 監(jiān)控組態(tài)軟件 44
5.3.2 監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)功能實(shí)現(xiàn) 45
5.3.3 界面設(shè)計(jì) 46
5.3.4 組態(tài)軟件與I/O設(shè)備通信 46
致  謝 47
參考文獻(xiàn) 48
附錄 49