風(fēng)力、太陽(yáng)能互補(bǔ)充電控制器設(shè)計(jì)

論文編號(hào):ZD1175   論文字?jǐn)?shù):16777,頁(yè)數(shù):46

風(fēng)力、太陽(yáng)能互補(bǔ)充電控制器設(shè)計(jì)
摘  要

 本控制系統(tǒng)利用單片機(jī)以及模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換蕊片對(duì)蓄電池端電壓采集的信號(hào)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換和控制，對(duì)蓄電池電壓采用ADC0804轉(zhuǎn)換器進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)電壓信號(hào)檢測(cè)并進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換；AD轉(zhuǎn)換器先將采集到的蓄電池電壓信號(hào)模擬量轉(zhuǎn)換成0－255的數(shù)字量，再送往單片機(jī)STC89C52進(jìn)行處理，89C52將信號(hào)分兩路一路送往數(shù)碼管上顯示0－25.5V，另一路信號(hào)89C52用比較程序較對(duì)出電壓信號(hào)大小，例如我們?cè)O(shè)置充電電壓上限為13.5V，放電電壓下限設(shè)為11.5V，當(dāng)89C52檢測(cè)到蓄電池電壓的數(shù)值大于13.5V時(shí)，89C52控制充電電路停止對(duì)蓄電池進(jìn)行充電，充電電路斷開(kāi)，充電指示燈滅，放電電路正常工作；當(dāng)電壓降到13V時(shí)恢復(fù)對(duì)蓄電池充電；當(dāng)89C52檢測(cè)到的蓄電池電壓信號(hào)小于11.5V時(shí)，89C52控制蓄電池停止對(duì)負(fù)載電路供電，負(fù)載電路斷開(kāi)，負(fù)載工作指示燈滅，充電電路正常工作，當(dāng)電壓升到12V時(shí)，放電電路繼續(xù)恢復(fù)工作；在全部工作過(guò)程中，數(shù)碼管始終顯示當(dāng)前電壓數(shù)據(jù)值。
 單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)具有應(yīng)用靈活，使用方便的特點(diǎn)，在以單片機(jī)為核心構(gòu)成的智能控制系統(tǒng)也具有使用方便、可升級(jí)等特點(diǎn)。對(duì)蓄電池充電和放電的電壓是必須要在受監(jiān)測(cè)的前提下進(jìn)行控制的，不能對(duì)蓄電池過(guò)充電，也不能過(guò)放電。目前大功率的充電機(jī)一般沒(méi)有充電保護(hù)裝置，在充電過(guò)程中如果對(duì)蓄電池過(guò)充電或過(guò)放電都會(huì)造成電池的損壞，當(dāng)電池電壓大于一定值是要停止充電，小于一定值時(shí)要停止放電，比如12V的鉛酸蓄電池最高電壓不能超過(guò)13.5V，最低電壓不能低于11.5V等。本系統(tǒng)還可以作為別的電壓檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)，應(yīng)用廣泛，成本低廉，安全可靠，在保證蓄電池正常安全工作的前提下，才可以安全有效地利用太陽(yáng)能和風(fēng)能對(duì)電池進(jìn)行充電，實(shí)現(xiàn)自然能源的收集，收集的電能在蓄電池正常工作的前提下，才可以應(yīng)用于生活中，另外也可根據(jù)生活的需要，直接進(jìn)行利用，或者通過(guò)逆變器變?yōu)?20V等常規(guī)市電，為日常家用電器供電。
 
關(guān)鍵詞：STC89C52 ADC0804 檢測(cè) 充電 放電

 The Design Of Wind,Solar Complementary Charging Controller
ABSTRACT
 
The control system using single-chip microcomputer and matches the tablets in frequency-field collected signals battery voltage switches and control, ADC0804 converter for battery voltage using real-time voltage signal detection and transformation; AD converter first will the collected battery voltage signal analog conversion into 0-255 the digital quantity, and then sent to single-chip 89C52 89C52 will signal processing, the two ways to display on all digital pipe 0, another way signal whois 25.5 V 89C52 use comparison procedures for the voltage signal size than, for example, we set a cap of recharging voltage 13.5 V, discharging voltage limit set to 11.5 V, when 89C52 detect store battery voltage when the values greater than 13.5 V, 89C52 control charging circuit for battery recharging reservoir stop, charging circuit disconnect, charging indicator destroy; When 89C52 detection to store the battery voltage signal, less than 11.5 V 89C52 control store in load circuit power battery stop, load circuit disconnect, load working lights out; In all the work process, digital tube always display the current voltage data values.
SCM system has applied the characteristics of nimble, use convenient, in the core components of the microcomputer as intelligent control system is also have convenient use, can upgrade etc. Characteristics. For battery and discharge in the voltage is must by monitoring on the premise of the battery, unable to control charging, also cannot pass discharge, currently high-power charger generally no charging protection device, during charging if the battery charging and discharging will cause damage to the battery, when the battery voltage is more than a certain value is to stop charging, less than certain value to stop discharging, such as the highest voltage 12V lead-acid batteries cannot exceed 13.5 V, minimum voltage cannot under11.5 V, etc. The system also can serve as other voltage detection system and wide application, low cost, safety and reliability, ensure the normal safety work battery premise, can safely and effectively use solar and wind power battery charging, to realize the natural energy collection, collection of electricity in the premise of battery normal work, just can be applied to life, also can according to life needs, directly, or through the inverter using conventional utility, a 220V power supply for everyday household appliances.

Key words：STC89C52 ADC0804 detection charging discharg
 
目  錄
 
摘  要 I
 ABSTRACT II
目  錄 IV
1  緒論 1
1.1控制器基本介紹 1
1.2 課題的提出及意義 2
1.3研究背景 2
1.4研究目標(biāo)和研究?jī)?nèi)容 3
2  課題設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)理論知識(shí) 5
2.1太陽(yáng)能電池板 5
2.1.1 太陽(yáng)能電池板概述 5
2.1.2 太陽(yáng)能電池板工作原理 5
2.2風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)工作原理 6
2.3鉛蓄電池基本結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理 7
2.4 三端穩(wěn)壓集成電路LM7805 9
2.4.1 LM7805概述 9
2.4.2 LM7805引腳圖及穩(wěn)壓電路圖介紹： 10
2.5 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器 ADC0804 12
2.5.1 ADC0804工作原理概述 12
2.5.2 ADC0804引腳說(shuō)明 13
2.5.3 ADC0804 轉(zhuǎn)換器的工作時(shí)序 13
2.5.4 AD轉(zhuǎn)換器的設(shè)計(jì)接口電路圖 14
2.6 STC89C52 15
2.6.1 STC89C52概述 15
2.6.2時(shí)鐘電路 16
2.6.3復(fù)位及復(fù)位電路 17
3  系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案 21
3.1設(shè)計(jì)要求及主要指標(biāo) 21
3.2設(shè)計(jì)方案的特點(diǎn) 21
4  系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的實(shí)現(xiàn) 22
4.1系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的原理 22
4.2系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 22
4.2.1 STC89C52工作電路的設(shè)計(jì) 22
4.2.2電源電路 23
4.2.3 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器 ADC0804 23
4.2.4 ADC蓄電池電壓電路的設(shè)計(jì) 24
4.2.5 繼電器控制電路： 25
4.2.6開(kāi)關(guān)和電源指示燈 25
4.2.7充電電路 26
4.2.8 譯碼電路 26
4.3 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 27
4.3.1單片機(jī)STC89C52系列簡(jiǎn)介 27
4.3.2 七段碼顯示程序 27
4.3.3延時(shí)程序 27
4.3.4 數(shù)碼顯示函數(shù) 28
4.3.5 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換程序 28
4.3.6函數(shù)聲明 29
4.3.7主函數(shù) 29
4.3.8  Keil C51軟件介紹 30
參考文獻(xiàn) 34
附  錄 35
謝  辭 40