基于PIC單片機實現直流電動機的控制

電氣自動化論文編號:ZD844    論文字數:11983,頁數:26

  目錄
摘要…………………………………………………………………………………….I
1  緒論 1
1.1  無刷直流電機的特點 1
1.2  無刷直流電機的應用與發展動向 2
1.3  無刷直流電機控制器概述 3
2  無刷直流電機的控制系統分析 4
2.1  無刷直流電機的基本結構 4
2.1.1電動機本體 5
2.1.2轉子位置傳感器 5
2.1.3逆變器 6
2.2  無刷直流電機的調速原理 6
2.3  霍爾傳感器 8
2.3.1開關型霍爾集成傳感器 8
2.3.2霍爾器件在無刷直流電機中的應用 9
3  無刷直流電機控制器硬件設計 9
3. 1  單片機選擇 10
3.1.1單片機選擇依據 10
3.1.2 PIC單片機特點 10
3.2  硬件系統組成 12
3.3  PIC16F73單片機引腳功能 12
3.4  PIC16F73對直流電動機的控制 14
3.4.1 PIC16F73對直流電動機轉速的控制（PWM） 15
3.4.2 直流電動機的轉速反饋 16
3.5  高低壓隔離 16
3.6  直流電動機轉向互鎖 18
3.7  高低壓轉換芯片IR2103 19
4  系統軟件設計 21
4.1  概述 21
4.2  軟件系統注意問題 22
4.2.1 鍵盤防抖動 22
4.2.2 轉速反饋 22
5  總結 23
致 謝 24
參考文獻 25

摘要
 
   隨著我國工農業的快速發展，人民生活水平不斷提高，結合社會的可持續發展，對自動化設備的需求不斷增大，直流電動機控制是自動控制的關鍵部分。本設計是基于PIC單片機實現直流電動機的控制，控制電動機的正向/反向、快速/慢速運轉，由單片機輸出脈寬調制信號（PWM）驅動電動機并實現正反向的互鎖。本設計介紹了直流電機結構、特點、種類及厲磁方式等；PIC 單片機的優點、結構特點、指令特點等。系統的介紹了PIC16F73單片機芯片，詳述了PIC126F73單片機的內部結構，外部引腳，模塊功能，寄存器結構、功能、地址等，此外還初步介紹了其匯編指令。
 硬件電路的設計，特別要注意的是高低壓隔離和電機轉向互鎖。在此采用光藕隔離，為確保運轉安全，采用了雙重互鎖。
關鍵詞：直流電動機；PIC單片機；PWM 
 
 Abstract  
 
 Along with our country’s industry and agricultural fast development, and people living raises continuously, furthermore, keep on the society development incessancy, the need of automation equipments enlarges continuously, the direct current motor control is the key part of the automatic control. This design according to the PIC single chip to control direct current motor, and control motor ‘s revolve to right/left and fast/ slowly, output the signal of PWM to drive the motor from the PIC which also realize the left revolve and right revolve to lock with each other. This design introduced direct current electrical motor structure, characteristics, category and the magnetism create mode etcs;  The advantage, structure characteristics, instruction characteristics etc. of the PIC single chip .The system introduced PIC16F73 single chip, going into detail internal structure ,exterior leads, function modules, registers structure, function, address...etc. of PIC126F73 single chip, in addition view introduce assemble langue.
    The design of the hardware electric circuit, the especially important is a high low voltage to insulate and lock with each other of the electrical engineering’s direction. Adopt photo-transistor optically coupled to gallium arsenide infrared emitting diode device to insulation in here, for insure the operation safety, adopt dual lock with each other.
Keywords: DC engineering ；PIC single chip ；PWM