基于遺傳算法的鋼材下料優化研究

電氣自動化論文編號:ZD862    論文字數:15335,頁數:27

目 錄
摘要……………………………………………………………………………………I
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………II
第1章  前言
   1.1國內外技術發展趨勢…………………………………………………………1
 1.2仿真技術的發展………………………………………………………………2
 1.3課題的目的、意義及理論與技術經濟價值…………………………………3
 1.4 系統的總體設計 ……………………………………………………………3
第2章  遺傳算法及在優化設計中的應用
    2.1 遺傳算法介紹…………………………………………………………………4
        2.1.1遺傳算法的產生………………………………………………………4
 2.1.2遺傳算法的發展 ………………………………………………………4
       2.1.3遺傳算法的特點 ………………………………………………………6
 2.1.4 遺傳算法的應用領域…………………………………………………7
 2.1.5遺傳算法的基本思想 …………………………………………………8
 2.2遺傳算法解法 …………………………………………………………………10
 2. 2. 1生物遺傳概念在遺傳算法中的對應關系……………………………10
 2. 2. 2最優化問題的解表示結構……………………………………………10
 2.2.3處理約束條件…………………………………………………………11
 2.3遺傳算法的處理方法 …………………………………………………………11
第3章  遺傳算法工具箱的應用
   3.1 Matlab工具箱簡介 …………………………………………………………13
 3.2 Matlab工具箱的特點 ………………………………………………………13
   3.3MATLAB 環境下遺傳算法優化工具箱的應用…………………………………15
   3.4 優化實例 ……………………………………………………………………16
第4章  基于遺傳算法的鋼材優化下料的模型的建立
   4.1鋼材下料優化的數學模型. …………………………………………………19
   4.2  一維下料方案遺傳算法的求解過程………………………………………19
 4.2.3 終止準則……………………………………………………………20
第5章  遺傳算法在鋼材下料優化上的應用
   5.1下料優化實例…………………………………………………………………21
   5.2基于遺傳算法的模型求解 ……………………………………………………21
第6章  結 論
致謝
參考文獻

摘  要
 二十一世紀，世界將進入全球的知識經濟時代，以計算機技術，通信技術，網絡技術為代表的現代信息技術，已成為全世界最先進的生產力。制造業作為國家的重要產業，以提板材材利用率，降低成本為核心，其在板材排料的優化與仿真方面，隨著時代的進步和科技的發展，已取得了重大的成就。
 所謂板材排料優化，就是利用一定規格的板材，為指定尺寸，指定數量和的零件下料，在滿足切割便利前提下，使條形材利用率最高。
 二十世紀以來，隨著工業技術的突飛猛進的發展和資源的日趨緊張，各行業對節約逐漸重視。人們開始考慮在“下料”這一環節盡可能地使資源得以充分利用。本課題針對制造生產業中的存在的排料問題，尤其是鋼材的排料優化，進行了深入的分析。
 本論文是基于遺傳算法對鋼材進行下料優化，遺傳算法是模擬達爾文的遺傳選擇和自然淘汰的生物進化過程的計算模型。它的思想源于生物遺傳學和適者生存的自然規律，是具有“生存＋檢測”的迭代過程的搜索算法。
 本論文的目的是在合理模式下，切割鋼材使得原料鋼材的余料最少，根據題意建立線行規劃模型，例出約束條件。然后用遺傳算法工具箱進行仿真，并且得到每一代適應度函數的最佳值和平均值圖形。

關鍵詞：優化排料   遺傳算法  適應度函數

Abstract
 In the 21st century, the world will enter the global knowledge economy era, computer technology, communications technology, network technology as the representative of modern information technology has become the world's most advanced productive forces. The manufacturing sector as the country's important industries, to mention sheet material utilization, reduce costs as the core, its plate nesting in the optimization and simulation, as the era of progress and the development of technology, has made significant achievements.
  The so-called sheet nesting optimization, is the use of certain specifications sheet, for a specified size, the number of specified materials and spare parts under the premise of convenience to meet cutting, so that the maximum utilization of wood strip.
  Since the 20th century, with the rapid development of industrial technology and resources to the development of the growing tensions, all sectors of the economy gradually attention. People began to consider the "news" this aspect as much as possible so that resources can be fully utilized. The topics for manufacturing industry in the presence of the markers, in particular the steel nesting optimization, conducted in-depth analysis.
      This paper is based on genetic algorithms to optimize the material of steel on to the next, genetic algorithm is the simulation of Darwin's natural selection of genetic selection and biological evolution of the model. It stems from the idea of genetics and survival of the fittest laws of nature, is a "survival + detection," the iterative process of the search algorithm.
      The purpose of this paper is a reasonable mode, the cutting of steel making raw materials of steel materials at least the remainder, according to that intended to establish lines of programming model, with a restrictive conditions. And then use genetic algorithm toolbox simulation, and every generation to be the best function and value of the average graphics.
 Keywords: genetic algorithm   optimization nesting   fitness function