摘 要
隨著電力電子技術的進步,發展了許多新的電樞電壓控制方法。PWM控制與傳統晶閘管驅動裝置比較,具有下列優點:需用的大功率可控器件少,線路簡單;調速范圍寬;電流波形系數好,附加損耗小;功率因數高。可以廣泛應用于現代直流電機系統中。
本設計是基于PIC單片機實現直流電動機的控制,控制電動機的正向/反向、快速/慢速運轉,由單片機輸出脈寬調制信號(PWM)驅動電動機并實現正反向的互鎖。
本設計介紹了直流電機結構、特點、種類及勵磁方式等;PIC 單片機的優點、結構特點、指令特點等。系統的介紹了PIC16F73單片機芯片,詳述了PIC126F73單片機的內部結構,外部引腳,模塊功能,寄存器結構、功能、地址等。本文介紹了一種基于PIC16F73單片機的直流電機控制器的設計與實現,該控制器完成調速控制,其中軟件實現轉子位置檢測、旋轉磁場信號輸出及電機PWM調速。
關鍵詞:PIC單片機;直流電機;PWM
Abstract
With the progress of power electronics and technological, many new armature voltage control methods are developed . PWM control compared with the traditional SCR drive, has the following advantages: required less high-power controllable devices, simple circuits; governed wider range; better current waveform and less additional wear and high power factor. It can be widely used in modern DC motor system.
This design based on the PIC single chip microcomputer to control DC motor, can control motor’s rotation with forward or backward direction and with high or low speed, the PIC single chip microcomputer output the signal of PWM to drive the motor and lock the two direction with each other.
This paper introduced the DC motor structure, characteristics, category and the magnetism create mode etcs; The advantage, structure characteristics, instruction characteristics etc. of the PIC single chip micro computer. The system introduced the chip of PIC16F73, going into detail internal structure ,exterior leads, function modules, registers structure, function, address...etc. of PIC126F73 single chip, in addition view introduce assemble langue. In this paper, a PIC16F73 microcontroller based on the DC motor controller design and implementation of the controller to complete speed control, the rotor position detection software, the rotating magnetic field and the electrical signal output PWM speed control.
Key words: PIC microcontroller; DC motor; PWM