DCS在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中的應(yīng)用

電氣自動化論文編號:ZD1104    論文字?jǐn)?shù):18193,頁數(shù):46

 目  錄
摘  要 I
Abstract II
1  緒論 1
1.1 集散控制系統(tǒng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)介紹 2
1.2 DCS系統(tǒng)的基本組成部分 2
1.3 本論文研究任務(wù)和主要工作 3
2  催化裂化工藝簡介 4
2.1催化裂化反應(yīng)原理 4
2.2 催化裂化主要工藝流程 4
2.2.1 反應(yīng)再生部分 4
2.2.2 分餾部分 5
2.2.3 吸收穩(wěn)定部分 6
2.2.4 能量回收部分 7
2.2.5 產(chǎn)品精制部分 7
3  催化裂化工段的控制要點(diǎn)及其策略 8
3.1 反再系統(tǒng)控制 8
3.1.1 提升管出口溫度控制 8
3.1.2 反應(yīng)沉降器壓力－分餾塔頂壓力控制 9
3.1.3 再生器壓力與煙機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速協(xié)調(diào)控制 11
3.1.4 煙氣輪機(jī)超速控制及保護(hù) 12
3.1.5 催化劑藏量控制 12
3.2 分餾系統(tǒng)控制 12
3.2.1 分餾塔底的控制 12
3.2.2 分餾塔溫度控制 13
3.3 吸收穩(wěn)定控制 13
3.3.1 吸收塔控制 13
3.3.2 吸收穩(wěn)定油品質(zhì)量控制 13
3.3.3 穩(wěn)定塔的控制 13
3.4 主風(fēng)機(jī)機(jī)組系統(tǒng)控制 14
3.4.1 主風(fēng)機(jī)負(fù)荷控制與主風(fēng)機(jī)靜葉角度位置串級調(diào)節(jié) 14
3.4.2 主風(fēng)機(jī)反喘振控制 14
3.5 ESD系統(tǒng) 14
4  項(xiàng)目簡介及主要儀表回路圖設(shè)計(jì) 17
4.1 項(xiàng)目介紹 17
4.1.1 項(xiàng)目簡介 17
4.1.2 系統(tǒng)配置及方案 17
4.2 儀表回路設(shè)計(jì)流程 18
5  工廠驗(yàn)收測試FAT規(guī)程 21
5.1定義 21
5.2 測試條件 21
5.2.1 組裝 21
5.2.2 組態(tài)文件 21
5.2.3 資料 21
5.2.4 測試地點(diǎn) 22
5.2.5測試人員 22
5.2.6測試設(shè)備 22
5.3系統(tǒng)配置檢查 22
5.4系統(tǒng)供電 22
5.5 功能測試 23
5.5.1 輸入和輸出精度測試 23
5.5.2 輸入信號故障檢測及保護(hù)測試 23
5.5.3 輸入信號處理及二次計(jì)算功能測試 23
5.5.4系統(tǒng)輸入信號高低限報(bào)警 23
5.5.5顯示功能的檢查 23
5.5.6打印和制表功能的檢查 24
5.5.7 歷史數(shù)據(jù)存儲及查詢功能 24
5.5.8鍵盤功能測試 24
5.5.9組態(tài)和運(yùn)算功能測試 24
5.6 性能測試 24
5.6.1 主控制卡切換時(shí)的容錯(cuò)測試 24
5.6.2 主控制卡故障時(shí)的容錯(cuò)測試 25
5.6.3 主控制卡斷電時(shí)的容錯(cuò)測試 25
5.6.4 通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)的容錯(cuò)測試 25
5.6.5主控制卡冗余測試 26
5.6.6 數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)卡冗余（FW235） 26
5.6.7 SCNet II 通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)冗余 26
5.6.8 SBus 通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)冗余 26
5.6.9 I/O卡件冗余 26
6  總結(jié)和改進(jìn) 27
致   謝 29
參考文獻(xiàn) 30
附   錄 31

摘  要
 本課題來源于浙大中控的寧波科元7萬噸/年丁苯橡膠項(xiàng)目 （以下簡稱科元項(xiàng)目），并選擇其中催化裂化裝置的DCS控制以及工廠FAT作為本課題的主要研究對象，根據(jù)當(dāng)前最常用的的集散控制系統(tǒng)的控制和工程實(shí)施方式，設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的可行的方案。
 本文對集散控制系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展過程進(jìn)行了綜述，介紹了集散控制系統(tǒng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理，介紹了集散控制系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展趨勢及近幾年來集散控制系統(tǒng)在工業(yè)現(xiàn)場的具體運(yùn)用情況,并重點(diǎn)分析了浙大中控的ECS-100集散控制系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)和組成。論文中簡述了科元項(xiàng)目的特點(diǎn)和生產(chǎn)全流程，給出了實(shí)際裝置上集散控制系統(tǒng)的具體實(shí)現(xiàn)過程，并詳細(xì)講述了DCS在催化裂化過程中的應(yīng)用，并對其整個(gè)過程進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)，包括控制方案的設(shè)計(jì)，系統(tǒng)的組態(tài)，直至最后的工程實(shí)施等等。
 本論文研究的是一個(gè)實(shí)際應(yīng)用項(xiàng)目，所完成的工作是對DCS在工業(yè)現(xiàn)場的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和工程實(shí)施。第一章主要是簡單介紹集散控制系統(tǒng)的一些基本常識；第二章主要介紹了催化裂化的工藝流程；第三章主要介紹項(xiàng)目中的控制方案和連鎖程序；第四章介紹了科元項(xiàng)目的整個(gè)儀表回路圖的設(shè)計(jì)以及部分流程圖設(shè)計(jì)；第五章全面介紹了工廠FAT。
 論文基于對集散控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的總體分析和設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn)，根據(jù)實(shí)際生產(chǎn)的要求和計(jì)算機(jī)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)應(yīng)滿足的各項(xiàng)功能要求，設(shè)計(jì)完成計(jì)算機(jī)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)采集，上下位機(jī)通訊及上位機(jī)的管理。最后，根據(jù)現(xiàn)場實(shí)際運(yùn)行的結(jié)果，提出了系統(tǒng)存在的不足以及可行的改進(jìn)方案。
 
關(guān)鍵詞：DCS;丁苯橡膠;集散控制

Abstract
     The present research comes from the Ningbo KeYuan 70,000 ton/ year styrene-butadiene rubber project of Zheda Zhongkong (hereinafter referred to Keyuan project). The author selects the DCS control of the catalytic cracking equipment and plant FAT as the main subjects of this research, and on the basis of the current most commonly used distributing control system and project implementation, the author will design corresponding feasible solution.
 In this thesis, the author reviewed the development of distributing control system, introduced the basic structure and operating principles of DCS. And he also introduced the development trend of DCS and the application of DCS in industrial spot in recent years, especially analyzed the features and composition of of ECS-100 DCS of Zheda Zhongkong. The author has in this thesis briefly presented the features and the whole production process of Keyuan project and the specific process in real device of DCS; he has described the application of DCS in catalytic cracking process and designed the whole process: including design of control program, system configuration, until the final project, etc.
 What the author researched in this thesis is a practical application of the project, and the work completed is the design and engineering implementation of DCS in industrial spot. The first chapter is a brief introduction of Distributing Control System; the second chapter is the catalytic cracking process; the third chapter introduces the control programs and chain procedures of this project; the fourth chapter describes the design of entire Instrument circuit diagram of Keyuan project as well as some of the flow chart design; the fifth chapter comprehensively introduces the plant FAT.
 On the basis of analysis and design of distributing control system, and in accordance with the requirements of actual production and computer monitoring system, the present thesis has finished collecting the data of computer monitoring system, the management of the upper and lower PC. Finally, according to the result of spot operation, the author has put forward the shortcoming of the system and possible improving scheme. 
 
Key words: DCS;styrene-butadiene rubber;distributing control.